Using an Arendtian approach, this article considers how key concepts in the texts of Mencius and Xunzi might be appropriated for 'legitimizing' totalitarian regimes. Taking unproblematized relation to a normative History Nature underlie plausibility such appropriation, it is argued that if any Confucianism would totalitarian, well Mencian instead Xunzian.

Background: Modern subject-based philosophy, in which everything reduces to the whole, reduces to the Other to I, or emanates it from the realm of knowledge, ignores the differences, currently cannot answer to ethics. Levinas, as a philosopher who has a concern about the “Other", believes that there is no subject that needs to be known, and the other is "Self" in advance and is touched rather t...