Hossein Jafari 1,2,*, Hassan Kamil Jassim 2,3, Fairouz Tchier 4 and Dumitru Baleanu 5,6 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria 0003, South Africa 2 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416, Iran; [email protected] 3 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, U...

During the 1940s a series of remarkable and radical planning documents were produced for many British cities, generally now collectively referred to as ‘reconstruction plans’. Universally these sought to introduce a highly interventionist, comprehensive planning, often with strong elements of ‘clean sweep’ reconstruction. This article considers two such plans, for the historic cities of Durham ...

The January 2001 earthquake that struck the state of Gujarat in India damaged or destroyed some 8,000 villages and 490 towns. In the months and years after the earthquake, many organizations undertook widespread reconstruction programmes. One such collaboration between the NGO CARE India and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) built 5,554 permanent houses as well ...

In early 2014, dengue cases were reported from northern Mozambique, 30 years after the last outbreak. We identified potential dengue vector species in three northern towns, Pemba, Nampula and Nacala, and one southern town, Maputo, during the outbreak in April 2014. A major dengue vector species, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, was found in all these towns. The dominant vector subspecies in the north...

The paper looks at the effects of employment concentration on resource allocation with a particular focus on one-company towns in Russia: towns where a single company accounts for a significant share of total employment. Empirical analysis of firms’ production functions indicates that firms located in one-company towns are characterised by lower labour productivity, higher marginal capital prod...

Bodyzone is a young persons drop in service run in eight small market towns in Oxfordshire. It is based in secondary schools, or in youth centres nearby, and runs once a week during the school lunchtime. The service was initially developed to meet the needs of young people in a rural population. Many young people find it hard to use services primarily designed for adults. Additional problems fo...

BACKGROUND Research on the health outcomes of globalisation and economic transition has yielded conflicting results, partly due to methodological and data limitations. Specifically, the outcomes of changes in foreign investment and state ownership need to be examined using multilevel data, linking macro-effects and micro-effects. We exploited the natural experiment offered by the Hungarian econ...

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introduction urbanization in developing countries has caused many problems, such as increase in urbanization, lack of housing and employment, migration and stagnation of villages, and promoting villages to towns is one of the main policies to reduce these problems. development of small and intermediate urban centers has, for the past several years, been canvassed by many scholars and internatio...

Mayan towns in the Guatemalan highlands hold markets on specific days of the week. A market is attended by local townspeople, by peasants residing in the town’s hinterland, and by vendors bringing wares from other towns. A market functions to bring in goods from other ecological zones, to bring in goods from higher order centers, and to sell surpluses of locally produced goods. To understand ho...