Introduction The accumulation of benzodiazepines (BZD) or their metabolites in critically ill patients may prolong wakening times after its discontinuation increasing their morbidity and leading to the overuse of complementary testing to assess neurological function. Route urine/serum determination of BZD are used in some centers to determine BZD clearance, however the correlation of BZD urine/...

Costs of defense are thought to maintain genetic variations in the expression of defense within plant populations. As with many plant species, aspen exhibits considerable variation in allocation to secondary metabolites. This study examined the independent and interactive effects of genotype, soil fertility and belowground competition on defensive chemistry and growth in trembling aspen (Populu...

We have determined routinely administered benzodiazepines and some of their metabolites in clinical samples by using on-line column switching for sample clean-up and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The plasma sample is directly injected onto a cyanopropyl (CN) pre-column, washed with buffer, and eluted onto an analytical column (C18, octadecylsilane). Analytical recov...

Dairy products are an important component in the Western diet and represent a valuable source of nutrients for humans. However, a reliable dairy intake assessment in nutrition research is crucial to correctly elucidate the link between dairy intake and human health. Metabolomics is considered a potential tool for assessment of dietary intake instead of traditional methods, such as food frequenc...

Hydrocodone is a narcotic that is widely used, often in nursing mothers. Although case reports suggest that hydrocodone in breast milk sometimes may be problematic for the breastfed infant, no reports exist on the amount of its excretion into breast milk. Two mothers who were taking an acetaminophen and hydrocodone combination product donated pumped milk for analysis of hydrocodone. Their infan...

gesic effect after oxycodone administration based on published information on blood concentrations of oxycodone and metabolites, protein binding, blood–brain barrier behaviour (animal data), and opioid receptor affinity. Using these data, we found that oxycodone itself is responsible for 83.0% and 94.8% of the analgesic effect after p.o. and i.v. administration, respectively. In contrast, the p...

An investigation on the diversity of marine fungi was carried out by isolating fungi from twigs collected from several beaches in Chanthaburi, Rayong and Chon Buri provinces. Each fungus was directly isolated on half strength potato dextrose agar with 70% sea water. A total of 152 marine fungal isolates were found, comprising 26 genera and 31 species: Algialus parvus, Antennospora quadricornuta...

Benzodiazepines are one of the classes of drugs most commonly associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault. As a widely prescribed class of medications and abused drugs, benzodiazepines are extensively available. Their sedating and amnesic effects make them effective candidates for use in drug-facilitated assaults. Detection methods for benzodiazepines and their metabolites in biological flu...

Recent research has pointed to the developing immune system as a remarkably sensitive toxicologic target for environmental chemicals and drugs. In fact, the perinatal period before and just after birth is replete with dynamic immune changes, many of which do not occur in adults. These include not only the basic maturation and distribution of immune cell types and selection against autoreactive ...

This article deals with the identification and characterization of process-related impurities of trans-resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene), which exhibits several health benefits, including cancer prevention. During the synthesis of the bulk drug resveratrol, three new impurities were observed. The impurities were detected using the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, who...