Studies are described on the metabolism and on the toxicological analysis of the piperazine-like designer drug N-benzylpiperazine (BZP, scene name ‘‘A2’’) in rat and human urine using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The identified metabolites indicated that BZP was hydroxylated at the aromatic ring and that the piperazine moiety is metabolically degraded. Our systematic toxicologi...

This paper develops methodology for regression analysis of ordinal response data subject to interval censoring. This work is motivated by the need to analyze data from multiple studies in toxicological risk assessment. Responses are scored on an ordinal severity scale, but not all responses can be scored completely. For instance, in a mortality study, information on nonfatal but adverse outcome...

Studies are described on the phase I and II metabolism and the toxicological analysis of the piperazine-derived designer drug 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) in rat urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The identified metabolites indicated that TFMPP was extensively metabolized, mainly by hydroxylation of the ...

In the practice of chemical-toxicological analysis, cases poisoning people with certain antihelmintic drugs have become more frequent. Some antihelmintics are on WHO Model List Essential Medicines, World Health Organization's list essential medicines, which lists most effective, safest and affordable medicines. Despite worldwide recognition, effectiveness, availability low cost, they an importa...

In complex suicides, more than one suicide method is applied at the same time or after other. The most common includes ingestion of drugs combined with drowning. A case acute intoxication by Bisoprolol and drowning reported. dead body a 40-year-old woman was discovered on river side, soon her husband found note home. woman’s vehicle four empty boxes Bisoprolol, widely used beta blocker, were al...

Despite the fact that a thorough, lengthy and costly evaluation of genetically engineered (GE) crop plants (including compositional analysis and toxicological tests) is imposed before marketing some European citizens remain sceptical of the safety of GE food and feed. In this context, are additional tests necessary? If so, what can we learn from them? To address these questions, we examined dat...

An increasing number of asphyxia suicides by inhalation of inert gases have been reported from different parts of the world over the last decade. So far this phenomenon has not been described in our country. This article presents the first two case reports from Norway of presumed suicide by asphyxiation due to helium inhalation from a closed plastic bag over the head. In both cases a forensic a...

Background and objectives: Solanum trilobatum plant parts such as berries and flowers are normally used for the treatment of respiratory illnesses. The toxicity profile of the plant and its parts are not clear. Hence, the present study was planned to investigate the toxicological effects of ethanol extract of leaves of S. trilobatum (EEST) using acute and sub-...