Perspective F or researchers who operate at the intersection of basic biology and toxicology, following the data where they take you—as any good scientist would—carries the risk that you will be publicly attacked as a crank, charged with scientifi c misconduct, or removed from a government scientifi c review panel. Such a fate may seem unthinkable to those involved in primary research, but it h...

Kupffer cells are resident macrophages of the liver and play an important role in its normal physiology and homeostasis as well as participating in the acute and chronic responses of the liver to toxic compounds. Activation of Kupffer cells directly or indirectly by toxic agents results in the release of an array of inflammatory mediators, growth factors, and reactive oxygen species. This activ...

The Predictive Toxicology Evaluation (or PTE) Challenge provided Machine Learning techniques with the opportunity to compete against specialised techniques for toxicology prediction. Toxicity models that used ndings from ILP programs have performed creditably in the PTE-2 experiment proposed under this challenge. We report here on an assessment of such models along scales of: (1) quantitative p...

The rat is commonly used as a model in studies on embryology and reproduction toxicology. Surprisingly, the current literature does not provide a comprehensive reference data set on placental development in rat. Therefore, we have evaluated morphological changes of the placenta and maternal blood parameters during pregnancy of the Sprague-Dawley rat. The morphologic data presented in this study...

Exposure of health care workers to antineoplastic drugs and subsequent adverse health effects is still an open issue. Very little has been studied on the extent of occupational exposure and handling conditions of antineoplastic drugs in Iran. We aimed to determine cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide concentrations in the urine samples of oncology healthcare workers. In addition, we assessed workpla...

background: acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency of the childhood. its diagnosis is really challenging. a constellation of through history taking, physical examination, radiographic investigations, and laboratory analysis should be used to balance the risk of delayed operative intervention against the removal of a normal appendix. here a case with misdiagnosis of acute appen...