This paper considers the nature and the distribution of trade and FDI effects of a potential enlargement of the European Monetary Union (EMU) to the ten countries that obtained EU membership in 2004. Intuitively, the implementation of a single currency for these countries means replacing several fluctuating currencies by a common currency. This gives rise to both “level” and “risk” effects of r...

U.S. imports and exports respond little to exchange rate changes in the short run. Pricing behavior has long been thought central to explaining this response: if local prices do not respond to exchange rates, neither will trade flows. Sticky prices and strategic complementarities in price setting generate sluggish responses, and they are necessary to match newly available international micro pr...

One of the primary benefits of international trade in a low-income context is the presumed ability, through trade, to access higher levels of technology through imports. Despite this, very little research has been done on international trade in a low-income (as opposed to middle-income) context, and even less concretely exploring the role of imports, largely because of the paucity of data avail...

This short paper explores the complementarity between foreign aid and foreign direct investment (FDI). Recent studies on aid concluded that aid should come to an end or be reduced with a radical modification of the terms and conditions and FDI and trade should replace aid as the engine of development. In this paper, we argue that aid complements FDI and advances the efficacy of FDI in promoting...

Major issues and challenges encountered in modeling and analyzing agricultural and trade policy reforms are reviewed. We focus on modeling approach, and pay special attention to the type and scope of models, calibration of a realistic baseline scenario, representation of the reform agreement, use of extra-model information, choice of metrics to measure reform impacts, and emerging issues in pol...

An algorithm for fitting the entire regularization path of the support vector machine (SVM) was recently proposed by Hastie et al. (2004). It allows effective computation of solutions and greatly facilitates the choice of the regularization parameter that balances a trade-off between complexity of a solution and its fit to data. Extending the idea to more general setting of the multiclass case,...

The paper extends Woodford’s [Optimizing models with nominal rigidities, Chapter 3 of Interest and prices: foundations of a theory of monetary policy, Princeton University, 2000; unpublished manuscript] analysis of the closed economy Phillips curve to an open economy with both commodity trade and capital mobility. We show that consumption smoothing, which comes with the opening of the capital m...