Abstract Thagard (1992) presented a framework for conceptual change in science based on systems. challenged belief revision theorists, claiming that traditional belief-revision systems are able to model only the two most conservative types of changes his framework, but not more radical ones. The main aim this work is take up Thagard’s challenge, presenting belief-revision-like system mirror cha...

Abstract On one view of the traditional doxastic attitudes, belief is credence 1, disbelief 0 and suspension any precise between 1. In ‘Rational agnosticism degrees belief’ (2013) Jane Friedman argues, against this view, that there are cases where a required but permitted. If were so, belief, could not be identified or reduced to aforementioned credences. I argue relies on two different notions...

From their different vantage points, the contributors to this issue address the developmental puzzle of infants as young as 14 or 15 months (Onishi & Baillargeon, 2005; Surian, Caldi, & Sperber, 2007) displaying sensitivity to people’s mistaken false-belief-based behaviour in certain tasks, when it has proved difficult to show any such understanding before 3 or 4 years (Wellman, Cross, & Watson...

Belief rule based expert systems are an extension of traditional rule based systems and are capable of representing more complicated causal relationships using different types of information with uncertainties. This paper describes how the belief rule based expert systems can be trained and used for pipeline leak detection. Pipeline operations under different conditions are modelled by a belief...

The term “Eight Americas,” an earlier revision of the description of the Eight Americas, and an earlier revision of life expectancies for 2001 were previously published in a commentary in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine [1]. This commentary cited the current paper as the technical source of this information, also declared at the time of submission of the current manuscript. This ear...

l From the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.S.T.) and Public Health and Preventive Medicine (E.K.), Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland; the Department of Radiology, Kaiser Sunnyside Medical Center, Portland, Ore (M.K.J.); and the Indian Rural Medical Association, Calcutta, India (B.M.). Received April 20,1994; revision requested June 5; revision received June 22; accepted Ju...

Bilingualism can have widespread cognitive effects. In this article we investigate whether bilingualism might have an effect on adults' abilities to reason about other people's beliefs. In particular, we tested whether bilingual adults might have an advantage over monolingual adults in false-belief reasoning analogous to the advantage that has been observed with bilingual children. Using a trad...

In China, the preventive medicine undergraduate professional training program is the major approach to training public health practitioners. The history of undergraduate education in public health/preventive medicine in China is reviewed utilizing the West China School of Public Health at Sichuan University as an example for analyzing this undergraduate major and its curriculum. Needed reforms ...

R controlled trials, when appropriately designed, conducted, and reported, represent the gold standard in evaluating healthcare interventions. However, randomized trials can yield biased results if they lack methodological rigour.1 To assess a trial accurately, readers of a published report need complete, clear, and transparent information on its methodology and findings. Unfortunately, attempt...