There are ideas about Bhuta found in Ancient Tamil Literatures. They Fall into Three categories. Among them, natural objects (five elements) associated with Religion, the worship god Sathukka is Sramana Religions like Jainism, Bhddhism, and protective Ganam or collective Bhutas Saivism. This Article examines these three types of detail.

Previous research by Rachman and de Silva (1978, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 16, 233-248) and by Salkovskis and Harrison (1984, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 549-552) has shown that abnormal and normal obsessions are similar in content. The present study examined whether the same is true for abnormal and normal rituals. A sample of normal subjects (N = 150) were asked about their idio...

This study proposes that performative rituals-that is, verbal and physical acts that reiterate prior uses-enabled medieval women and men to negotiate the dangers and difficulties of conception and childbirth. It analyzes the rituals implicated in charms, prayers, amulets, and prayer rolls and traces the circulation of such rituals within medieval English society. Manuscript records from the Ang...

Traditionally, ritual has been studied from broad sociocultural perspectives, with little consideration of the psychological processes at play. Recently, however, psychologists have begun turning their attention to the study of ritual, uncovering the causal mechanisms driving this universal aspect of human behavior. With growing interest in the psychology of ritual, the current paper provides a...

TEIZO OGAWA (editor), History of obstetrics (Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on the Comparative History of Medicine-East and West), Tokyo, Division of Medical History, Taniguchi Foundation, 1984, 8vo, pp. viii, 283, illus., [no price stated]. ANN OAKLEY, The captured womb. A history of the medical care of pregnant women, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1984, 8vo, pp. x, 351, illus.,...

Pencak silat is an attitude of self-reflection towards the embodiment Javanese knowledge, because it teaches us to become human beings with noble character which can be achieved through implementation certain rituals such as breathing exercises, fasting and rituals. The concept previous martial arts combined a total system body training physical mental training, one expected know more about one...

Abstract. The term “cultural heritage” has been enriched with multiple contents in the last decades, partly thanks to protection instruments developed by UNESCO. Despite past, cultural heritage is not limited monuments and collections of objects. nowadays includes tangible intangible (ICH). ICH traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors passed on descendants, such as oral tra...

The environmental crisis has challenged faith traditions to take a stand and act both globally locally. Statements action build on reinterpretations of tradition, which also produce variety ritual applications. Environmental rituals, for example, deal with the grief anxiety caused by or seek have concrete impact local problems. anthropologist Roy Rappaport (1926–97) examined religious firstly a...