In recent years there has been an exponential rise in the number of studies employing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a means of gaining a systems-level understanding of the cortical substrates underlying behaviour. These advances have allowed inferences to be made regarding the neural operations that shape perception, cognition, and action. Here we summarise how tDCS works, a...

results in the control group, barthel and fugl-meyer indices showed significant improvement (p = 0.01, p = 0.00), while in the experimental group, significant improvement in barthel and fugl-meyer indices and dynamometers has been observed (p = 0.01, p = 0.00, p = 0.007). conclusions rtms can improve hand muscle force and functions of patients with chronic hemiplegia, while conventional treatme...

As studies increasingly use transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) to manipulate brain activity, surprising results are emerging. Specifically, research combining tDCS with electrophysiology is showing that the long-lasting effects of tDCS can counter-intuitively influence specific neural mechanisms active for as little as 100 ms during the flow of human information processing.

Introduction: Anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulations (tDCS) have been shown to have facilitatory and inhibitory effects, respectively, on the stimulated cortical networks. Given sufficient stimulation duration the effect of stimulation can outlast the duration of the stimulation for several hours [1]. Combining functional MRI (fMRI) with concurrent tDCS allows for a non-in...

Treatment-resistant depression affects at least 1-3% of the US population. This article reviews the current state of focal neuromodulation therapies for treatment-resistant depression, focusing on those treatments published clinical data. These include transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, magnetic seizure therapy, vagus nerve stimulation, direct cortical s...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a single session of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves attention in patients with traumatic brain injury. DESIGN Double-blinded, cross-over design. PATIENTS Nine patients with attention deficit after traumatic brain injury. METHODS Patients underwent a computerized contrast reaction time task be...

Background: Growing attention is paid to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a novel neuromodulation method in the treatment of psychiatric illnesses. In spite of its simple procedure, electrophysiological influence of tDCS is complex and not fully understood. Therefore, its procedure and clinical application is yet to be established. To address this issue, we reviewed and summari...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive technique that modulates the excitability of neurons within the motor cortex (M1). Although the aftereffects of anodal tDCS on modulating cortical excitability have been described, there is limited data describing the outcomes of different tDCS intensities on intracortical circuits. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying th...

Among the alternatives to drugs in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, neuromodulation techniques, including brain stimulation, have been used increasingly this past decade. Cortical targets are especially appealing, because they are easily accessible by noninvasive or invasive methods. Applicable techniques include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), trans...