Experimental estimation of reaction rates is a common aspect engineering because kinetics are the base design chemical reactors. However, it not easy to follow complex reactions as case transesterification triglycerides in presence sodium hydroxide. Identifying possible pathways taking place ionic and sequential, starting with inorganic formation methoxide, followed by each one three organic st...

The Rag1 and Rag2 proteins initiate V(D)J recombination by introducing site-specific DNA double-strand breaks. Cleavage occurs by nicking one DNA strand, followed by a one-step transesterification reaction that forms a DNA hairpin structure. A similar reaction allows Rag transposition, in which the 3'-OH groups produced by Rag cleavage are joined to target DNA. The Rag1 active site DDE triad cl...

We recently used in vitro selection to identify many deoxyribozymes that catalyze DNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis and create 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini. Alternatively, numerous deoxyribozymes have been identified for catalysis of RNA cleavage by 2'-hydroxyl transesterification, forming 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini. In this study, we investigated the ability of DNA...

The influence of sonoluminescence transesterification on biodiesel physicochemical properties was investigated and the results were compared to those of traditional mechanical stirring. This study was conducted to identify the mechanistic features of ultrasonication by coupling statistical analysis of the experiments into the simulation of cavitation bubble. Different combinations of operationa...

The waste shell was utilized as a bioresource of calcium oxide (CaO) in catalyzing a transesterification to produce biodiesel (methyl ester). The economic and environmen-friendly catalysts were prepared by a calcination method at 700-1,000°C for 4 h. The heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the B...

The 3' end of Schizosaccharomyces pombe telomerase RNA (SpTER1) is generated by spliceosomal cleavage, a reaction that corresponds to the first step of splicing. The observation that the spliceosome functions in 3' end processing raised questions about the evolutionary origin and conservation of this mechanism. We now present data in support of spliceosomes generating 3' ends of telomerase RNAs...

Restriction endonucleases catalyse DNA cleavage at specific sites. The BfiI endonuclease cuts DNA to give staggered ends with 1-nt 3'-extensions. We show here that BfiI can also fill in the staggered ends: while cleaving DNA, it can add a 2'-deoxynucleoside to the reaction product to yield directly a blunt-ended DNA. We propose that nucleoside incorporation proceeds through a two-step reaction,...

Vegetable oils are renewable in nature and can be directly used as fuels in diesel engines. However, their high viscosity and poor volatility lead to reduced thermal efficiency and increased hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions. Transesterification is one of the methods by which viscosity could be drastically reduced and the fuel could be adopted for use in diesel engine. This Ester...

Calcium oxide is one of the appropriate catalysts for biodiesel production. In this study, cheap and compatible with environment catalyst has been used. Mussel shell of Persian Gulf coast is one of the sources of calcium carbonate that is converted to calcium oxide at calcination temperature up to 950°C. Transesterification reaction was carried out at optimum condition of our previous study...

Methyl esters were produced by transesterification of palm oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (KOH). The rate of transesterification in a batch reactor increased with temperature up to 60°C. (Higher temperatures did not reduce the time to reach maximal conversion. The conversion of triglycerides (-TG), diglycerides (-DG) and monoglycerides (-MG) appeared to be second order up to 30...