Adenosine diphosphate (8 mg per minute for five minutes) was infused into the carotid artery of 63 rabbits. The effects were twofold: systemic hypotension and platelet aggregation in the cerebral circulation. As a consequence of the last effect, platelet emboli were produced which occluded cerebral arteries in a number and size sufficient to cause cerebral ischemia. Areas of focal ischemia were...

Title:Electroacupuncture-like stimulation at Baihui and Dazhui acupoints exerts neuroprotective effects through activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK/Bad signaling pathway in mild transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats

While the intraluminal thread technique to induce middle cerebral artery occlusion is widely used in animal models of focal cerebral ischemia, it has several drawbacks. The present study describes a new technique involving transfemoral selective intraluminal wiring, and evaluates its technical feasibility, effectiveness, and safety. Twenty-four Wistar rats were used in this work: two for a vasc...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cysteine proteases (calpain and cathepsin B) play an important role in cell death and are upregulated after focal cerebral ischemia. Because there is a significant interaction between MMP-9 with calpain and cathepsin B, we investigated the role of E64d (a calpain and cathepsin B inhibitor) on MMP-9 activation in the rat focal ischemia ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The efficacy of pretreatment with the recently developed intracellular calcium antagonist AT877 against transient focal cerebral ischemia was investigated in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion using the endovascular suture method. METHODS Halothane-induced moderate hypotension (60 mm Hg) was used during 100 minutes of temporary middle cer...

Both melatonin and electroacupuncture (EA) have been suggested to be effective treatments against stroke. However, it is unknown whether a combination of these two therapies could be beneficial against transient focal cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated the effects of pretreatment of a combination of melatonin and EA in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MC...

Background: The role of nitric oxide (NO) of endothelial or neuronal origins in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injuries are far from being settled, extending from being important to not having any role at all. Objective: To investigate the role of NO of endothelial and neuronal origins in ischemia/reperfusion injuries in focal cerebral ischemia, L-NAME, a non selective NO synthase inhibitor ...

Introdution: Stroke is one of the most common diseases caused by occlusion or rupture of blood vessels in brain. It brings heavily loads for families and societies. Although some new strategies including treatment of tissue plasminogen activator have been applied in the clinic, these methods do not have perfect effect. Accordingly, more effective therapeutic strategies need to be developed...

Transient focal cerebral ischemia leads to extensive excitotoxic glial damage in the subcortical white matter. Efficient reuptake of released glutamate is essential for preventing glutamate receptor overstimulation and neuronal and glial death. The present study evaluates the expression of the main glutamate transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, and EAAT3) in subcortical white matter of the rat after tra...