BACKGROUND Recently, there has been interest in establishing a monocot C4 model species with a small genome, short lifecycle, and capacity for genetic transformation. Setaria viridis has been adopted to fill this role, since reports of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in 2010, and sequencing of its genome in 2012. To date, S. viridis has primarily been used to further our understanding of ...

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disease resulting from failure of neural crest-derived ganglion cells to colonize the colon. Conventional diagnostic methods are insufficient for evaluating the 'functional' prognosis of HSCR. In order to elucidate the maturation of ganglion cells, 17 immunohistochemical markers were examined. We examined the digestive tracts of 2 human early delivery...

The cartilage-pannus junction has been studied in multiple sections from 23 rheumatoid joints. Changes suggesting a metaplastic reaction of the articular cartilage, termed transitional fibroblastic zone, were commonly found in hips and knees, but were rarely present in metatarsophalangeal joints, in which an invasive pannus with cartilage degradation in close association with inflammatory cells...

PURPOSE To determine risk factors of postoperative urethral stricture (US) and vesical neck contracture (BNC) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) from perioperative parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS 373 patients underwent TURP in a Chinese center for lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (LUTS/BPO), with their perioperative and follow-up clinical...

AIM Anal intraepithelial neoplasia precedes the development of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Detection of the lesion is essential to management. This paper describes a prospective study to detect and ablate anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) using white light narrow band imaging (NBI) and NBI with acetic acid (NBIA). METHOD Sixty patients with abnormal anal cytology and risk factors...

BACKGROUND Little is known about the distribution of gap junctions and ion channels in the atrioventricular node, even though the physiology and pathology of the atrioventricular node is ultimately dependent on them. METHODS AND RESULTS The abundance of 30 transcripts for markers, gap junctions, ion channels, and Ca(2+)-handling proteins in different regions of the rabbit atrioventricular nod...

IL-10-producing B cells, also known as regulatory B cells (Bregs), play a key role in controlling autoimmunity. In this study, we report that chimeric mice specifically lacking IL-10-producing B cells (IL-10(-/-)B cell) developed an exacerbated arthritis compared with chimeric wild-type (WT) B cell mice. A significant decrease in the absolute numbers of Foxp3 regulatory T cells (Tregs), in thei...

PURPOSE The retinitis pigmentosa guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) regulator (RPGR) is essential for photoreceptor survival. There is as yet no consensus concerning the subcellular localization of RPGR. This study was undertaken as a comprehensive effort to resolve current controversies. METHODS RPGR in mice and other mammalian species was examined by immunofluorescence. RPGR variants were di...

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), an extremely rare tumor, arises from the epithelial component of preexisting parotid Warthin tumors (WT). Among the 309 cases of surgically resected WTs in Chinese PLA General Hospital and Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University, 5 cases (1.6%) fulfilled the criteria for MECs transformed from WTs. Clinicopathological characteristics of MECs was de...

A unique probe--biotinylated adenosine-5'-monophosphate (5'AMP-biotin)--was used in transmission electron microscopic (TEM) studies to localize 5'AMP odorant binding sites on the dendrites of olfactory receptor neurons in the aesthetasc sensilla of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. This probe is capable of both binding to and exciting 5'AMP-sensitive olfactory receptor neurons, as revealed th...