Due to development of computer and network technologies, mobile computer networks have become widely available. Since mobile computers such as handheld PCs and PDAs and mobile sensor nodes which are required to be small and light weight have only limited battery capacity, a radius of a wireless signal transmission range is also limited. In order to achieve higher connectivity even though a netw...

cobalt (ii) chloride was used as a precursor to prepare co 3 o 4 nanotubes in reverse micelles. tween 80 was added as surfactant. the products were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and transmission electron microscopy. the diameter of co 3 o 4 nanotubes was about 58 nm and the average length of them was around 261 nm. the study provides a simple and e...

Swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) was detected by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in liver tissue and feces but not in skeletal muscle, pancreas, or heart from pigs experimentally infected intravenously with swine hepatitis E virus (swine HEV). Homogenates of liver tissue and suspensions of feces prepared from swine HEV-infected pigs were inoculated intra...

In this paper, we propose new methods for investigating the extent of heterogeneity in effective contact rates relevant to the transmission of infections. These methods exploit the correlations between ages at infection for different infections within individuals. The methods are developed for serological surveys, which provide accessible individual data on several infections, and are applied t...

-In ad hoc wireless networks, nodes are mobile, and there is no any fixed infrastructure. So the nodes in the network forward messages on behalf of other nodes which are not within the transmission range of each other. Here we proposed a routing strategy based on DSR that enhance the performance by analyzing the residual energy and transmission power at each node in the network. In ad hoc netwo...

Different nosocomial pathogen species have varying infectivity and durations of infectiousness, while the transmission route determines the contact rate between pathogens and susceptible patients. To determine if the pathogen species and transmission route affects the size and spread of outbreaks, we perform a meta-analysis that examines data from 933 outbreaks of hospital-acquired infection re...

The association of HIV infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection often occurs because both viruses share the same transmission routes, increasing the possibility of HIV/HCV coinfection. World prevalence greater than 30% of coinfected cases is estimated, and it can reach 90% depending on the transmission route. With the aim of determining the frequency and profile of HIV/HCV coinfected pat...

In wireless sensor network, where nodes are power driven by batteries and it is important to prolong the network lifetime by minimize the energy consumption of each node. Thus the choice of optimal transmission power is one of the prime concerns in such network. Optimal transmission power is the minimum power required to sustain the network connectivity while maintain the predetermined maximum ...

Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) comprises of nodes, which are free to move randomly, yet cooperate to forward packets between source and destination over a multi-hop wireless network. Due to absence of any fixed node, each node acts as a router, providing routing capability for the MANET. Various protocols for discovery of routes between any two MANET nodes have been designed. These protocols are...