INTRODUCTION Treatment of subcondylar fractures of the mandible is one of the most controversial aspects in the field of maxillofacial traumatology. This controversy centers on the positive and negative aspects of open and closed approaches for the treatment of this kind of fractures. Open techniques lead to good reduction and osteosynthesis, but have a high risk of injury to the facial nerve a...

can also be performed without the use of general anesthesia in many instances. A transoral flexible endoscopic approach successfully reduces cricopharyngeal sphincter pressure [6] . The septum can be divided with a variety of cutting instruments and accessories. It is unknown whether a transoral flexible endoscopic approach will show longterm results compared to rigid surgical therapy for long-...

INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECL) and interventional sialendoscopy are the classical treatments for Stensen's duct salivary stones, but some cases cannot be treated using these techniques. Another technique is now available, transoral Stensen's duct approach. TECHNICAL NOTE Transoral Stensen's duct approach can be performed under local anesthesia. The exact location of Stensen's d...