A number of methods have evolved to examine the patient with posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhea. Until the advent of metrizamide CT cisternography, radioisotope cisternography was the predominant method of investigation. Metrizamide cisternography has preempted the use of isotopes because of its more precise ability to localize the site of CSF leakage [1-5]. However, this method, which requires lumba...

introduction: leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull base may be accompanied with recurrent meningitis. the site of leakage may either be anterior (in the nose and paranasal sinuses) or posterior (in the temporal bone). various imaging techniques can be used to precisely locate the point of leakage but despite all the advances in imaging techniques there are still some rare cases in which ...

BACKGROUND Traumatic intracranial aerocele, also known as pneumocephalus, is an uncommon condition that may be asymptomatic or may present with progressive neurological deficits and life threatening conditions that demand urgent decompressive craniotomy to reduce the acute rise in intracranial pressure and the sequelae. AIMS & OBJECTIVES A high degree of suspicion and continuous neurological ...

[1] In the article, “Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: A case report and analysis” , which appears in Volume 97, Issue 5 of Medicine, the hospital name for the affiliations appears incorrectly and the affiliations should appear as: First Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, China-Japan United Hospital of Jilin Universit...

Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after septoplasty is a known entity resulting from errors in surgical technique and improper handling of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. When these occur, urgent management is necessary to prevent deleterious sequelae such as meningitis, intracranial abscess, and pneumocephalus. Encephaloceles are rare occurrences characterized by ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the result of an osseous defect at the skull base coupled with a disruption of the dura mater and arachnoid with a resultant pressure gradient leading to the CSF leak. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a potentially dangerous condition as the risk of intracranial infection is increased if it persists. Therefore, accurate preoperative localization of...

Lateral medullary infarction, known as Wallenberg syndrome, can be accompanied by sympathetic dysfunction. We report a case of unilateral intermittent rhinorrhea that started after an ischemic stroke in the ipsilateral lateral medulla and cerebellum. Rhinorrhea might be mediated by dysfunction of the sympathetic autonomic system.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify clinical case definitions of influenza with higher accuracy in patients stratified by age group and influenza activity using hospital-based surveillance system. METHODS In seven tertiary hospitals across South Korea during 2011-2012 influenza season, respiratory specimens were obtained from patients presenting an influenza-like illness (ILI), defined as ...