Breaststroke, butterfly, front crawl and back crawl: many of us learnt these swimming styles as kids while splashing around in our local pool. These strokes all involve the swimmer lying on their back or front, much like the way most fish swim. Of course, some people prefer to swim tilted to one side rather than face down even though the side-stroke evokes images of elderly swimmers in bathing ...

During directed cell migration, telling cells to avoid certain areas may be as important as attracting them to others. The recently identified wunen gene is involved in the repulsive guidance of migrating primordial germ cells in Drosophila.

the tumors in which odontogenic differentiation is fully expressed are the odontomas. odontomas are considered as hamartomas rather than a true neoplasm. these tumors are composed of enamel, dentine, cementum and pulp tissue. it is most commonly associated with the eruption of the teeth. they are usually discovered on routine radiographic examination. in exceptional cases, the odontoma erupts i...

In this issue of GENETICS, a new method for detecting natural selection on polygenic traits is developed and applied to several human examples (Racimo et al. 2018). By definition, many loci contribute to variation in polygenic traits, and a challenge for evolutionary geneticists has been that these traits can evolve by small, nearly undetectable shifts in allele frequencies across each of many,...

We used a motorized treadmill to determine the endurance (from 4.2 to 5.6cm s") and burst speed of five Coluber constrictor Linnaeus performing concertina locomotion in tunnels 3, 5 and 7cm wide. The snakes had greatest average endurance at 4.2cms" within the 5cm wide tunnel (80min), and the average endurance of snakes moving in the 3 cm tunnel (24 min) was significantly lower than that observe...

Abstract In hard court tennis, players change direction by either stepping or sliding. The shoe–surface friction during these movements is crucial to player performance. Too little when may result in a slip. much attempting slide could cause the move only short distance, fail slide. To understand influence of tread design on experiments were performed individual shoe elements that replicated tr...

The prevalence and severity of latex allergy has increased dramatically in the last 15 years due to exposure to natural rubber products. Although historically this health risk has been elevated in hospital personnel and patients, a recent survey has indicated a significant potential risk for the general population. To obtain a wide-spread source for latex exposure, we have considered tire debri...

coeffcient of  friction  (cof)  for  rubber parts  is one of  the key parameters in their interaction with solid rough surfaces (micrometer to millimeter scales),  such  as  tire-road  interactions. cof  of  rubber  depends  on  viscoelastic properties of rubber, roughness characteristics of the counter-part surface, and process variables such as contact nominal pressure and sliding speed. due ...