Despite the enormous progress made in scaling up antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, many challenges remain, not least of which are the identification and management of patients who have failed first-line therapy. Less than 3% of patients are receiving second-line treatment at present, whereas 15-25% of patients have detectable viral loads 12 months or more into treatment, of wh...

Background & Aims: It is more than half of a century that the drug of choice for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniosis (CL) has been pentavalent antimony compounds such as meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy, relapse and treatment failure of intralesional Glucantime plus cryotherapy in the treatment of anthroponotic CL (ACL). Methods: The...

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) has many definitions, but usually authors consider RIF, the failure to achieve a pregnancy fallowing 2-6 IVF cycles in which more than 10 high grade embryos were transferred to the uterus. There are a lot of causes for RIF but two main causes of that are related to embryo and endometrium. Chromosomal abnormalities, zona hardening and problems in culture medi...

Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to supply sufficient blood flow to meet the needs of the body. The term “congestive heart failure” implies that the impaired blood flow is causing fluid retention in the lungs, legs, ankles or feet. Other common symptoms include shortness of breath when lying down or during exercise, fatigue and weakness, reduced exercise capacity, and rapi...

Optimal treatment of heart failure is important to reduce hospitalization and mortality. In according to recommendation for treatment from major guideline, most patients with HF should be routinely managed with a combination of 3 types of drugs: a diuretic, an ACEI or an ARB, and a beta blocker. The value of these drugs has been established by the results of numerous large-scale clinical trials...

The present supplement of the European Respiratory Journal contains a number of reviews concerning Treatment of Respiratory Failure. Important progress has been made in this area since the early 1990s. This supplement is the result of a symposium held in Barcelona on January 18, 2003. The symposium was organised by the European Institute of Healthcare, set up by AstraZeneca. It was the fifth sy...

background and purpose: identification of the effects of sleep disturbances on the quality of life could result in proper treatment of patients with heart failure. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction, depression and quality of life in male patients with systolic heart failure. methods: this correlational study was conducted on 100 ma...

Purpose Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Methods A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. Resul...

ICM is defined as diffuse akinesis of the ventricle after myocardial ischemia, and the pathology is different from LV aneurysm, which is dyskinesis after myocardial infarction. The etiology has been described as chronic LV remodeling after the ischemia,1 and the surgical treatment of ICM was thought to be heart transplantation only. However, the new surgical procedure of endoventricular circula...