Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a last resort treatment for refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It has been shown to induce dramatic and long-term improvements, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the potential role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the processes of immune reconstitution and re-establishment of immune tolerance followi...

BACKGROUND CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a central role in the immune balance to prevent autoimmune disease. One outstanding question is how Tregs suppress effector immune responses in human. Experiments in mice demonstrated that Treg restrict effector T cell (Teff) responses by deprivation of the growth factor IL-2 through Treg consumption, resulting in apoptosis of Teff...

It is emerging that CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells can produce the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ when stimulated in a Th1 cytokine environment. In this study, we report that Foxp3+ Treg cells readily produced IFN-γ in vivo in a highly inflammatory model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and during a Th1-dominated immune response to intracellular bacteria. Moreover, stimulation in vitro...

BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in the maintenance of immune system homeostasis. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder frequently associated with impaired immune cell numbers and functions. METHODS We analyzed Treg cells in peripheral blood (n = 207) and bone marrow (n = 202) of pre-malignant and malignant MM patients using flow cytometry. Treg cells and ...

background: patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ra) suffer from wide ranges of autoimmune reactions in joints. the mechanism of which is generally unknown and maybe associated with treg deregulation. objective: to compare the frequency of ntregs in peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid disease with healthy individuals. methods: twenty five newly diagnosed patients with active ra d...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are crucial for self-tolerance. It has been an enigma that Treg exhibit an anergic phenotype reflected by hypoproliferation in vitro after TCR stimulation but undergo vigorous proliferation in vivo. We report in this study that murine Treg are prone to death but hyperproliferative in vitro and in vivo, which is different from conventional CD4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells (Tcon)....

Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) have a crucial role in controlling CD4(+) T-cell activation, proliferation, and effector function. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating Treg function remain poorly understood. Here we assessed the role of IL-7, a key cytokine regulating T-cell homeostasis, in suppressor capacity of Treg. Using a skin allograft model in which transplant acceptance...

background: type 1 diabetes (t1d) is a t cell mediated autoimmune disease targeting the insulin-producing β cells within pancreatic islets. autoimmune diseases may develop as a consequence of altered balance between regulatory (tregs) and autoreactive t cells. objectives: to evaluate treg cells frequency and suppressive function in the peripheral blood of newly diagnosed t1d patients in compari...

Regulatory T cell (Treg) development proceeds via a two-step process in which naive CD4(+) thymocytes are first converted into CD4(+)CD25(+)CD122(+)GITR(+)Foxp3(-) Treg progenitors, followed by a second step in which IL-2 converts these Treg progenitors into CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs. The costimulatory molecule CD28 is required for efficient Treg development. However, the stage at which CD28 affects...

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a pivotal role in the immune system since they inhibit the T cell response. It is well known that cyclophosphamide applied at low dose is able to stimulate the immune response while high dose cyclophosphamide exerts inhibitory activity. Data obtained in mice indicate that cyclophosphamide provokes a reduction in the number of Treg and impairs their suppressive act...