Octylphenol (OP) and Trichlorophenol (TCP) act as endocrine disruptors and have effects on male reproductive function. We studied the interactions between 4-tert-Octylphenol (4-t-OP), 4-n- Octylphenol (4-n-OP), 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol (2,3,4-TCP), 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) urinary exposure levels and polymorphisms in selected xenobiotic metabolism enzyme genes among 589 idiopathic male in...

Whether stress and infertility are linked as cause or consequence is unclear, and there is no consensus on the most appropriate methods for measuring stress in infertile women. To address this question, we measured changes in biochemical and questionnaire-based assessments of stress in infertile women. Median baseline, follicular phase and pre-operative serum prolactin (229, 311 and 457 mIU/l) ...

background: auto antibodies to zona-pellucida (aza) seem to be important autoantibodies implicated in reproduction, with substantial role in both endocrine and reproductive functions of the human ovary. there are some debates on the relation of aza with infertility, repeated in vitro fertilization (ivf) attempts, and outcome of it. objective: in this study, we assessed the presence of aza in th...

background: experiencing infertility is a crisis in couples' life, affecting all aspects of their life. in addition to stresses of infertility problems, going through treatment is also associated with physical, psychological, social and economic stress. therefore, identifying social factors especially social support related to stress of infertility treatments seems necessary. this study investi...

Infertility is a relatively prevail problem which has been considered as a source of psychological distresses in many studies. The period of infertility, the type of treatment offered, the person’ s ability in coping ,prognosis of infertility factors, psycho – emotional supports and social supports available are among different factors that influence the psycho – social function of the individu...

Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health,” is a detrimental trend that has been rising worldwide, doubling from 1980 to 2008 [1]. More specifically, the WHO estimates that more than 1.5 billion adults over the age of twenty are overweight and that 1 in 10 adults in the world are obese [1]. It has been suggested tha...

introduction: about one fifth of couples are infertile and 2 million couples are added to this amount annually. the variety in the rate of adjustment reflects the interpersonal vulnerabilities that affects the capacity of person cope with a life stressful events such as infertility. the goal of psychological interventions is recognition and the person to more cope with this situation. according...

SUMMARY Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a pituitary heterodimeric glycoprotein essential in male and female reproduction. Its functional poly-morphic variant (V-LH) is determined by two missense mutations (rs1800447, A/G, Trp8Arg; rs34349826, A/G, Ile15Thr) in the LH b-subunit encoding gene (LHB; 19q13.3; 1111 bp; 3 exons). Among women, V-LH has been associated with higher circulating LH and reduce...

introduction: infertility is a major problem in today´s medicine. infertility is known a health indicator and the right to infertility treatment is part of millennium development goal. the present study aimed to determine the risk factors of infertility, in women referred to both public and private health centers in ilam. materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out among wome...