Biological trickling filters are widely used for sewage treatment. This study models a biological filter based on an anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process (A2O–BTF), established by combination of aerobic and anaerobic technology. The performance operational parameters were analyzed using Sumo, commercially available wastewater treatment (WWTP) simulation software. the conventional three-stage (Three-St...

A pilot-scale trickling filter has been constructed in order to collect experimental data on a fully characterized biofilm system for the selection, development, calibration and corroboration of mathematical models which describe such a system’s dynamic behavior. The design of the unit was made such that it allows a full characterization of the relevant model parameters, and an easy monitoring ...