Volatilization of pesticides from soils under dry conditions (water content below the permanent wilting point) can be significantly influenced by sorption to hydrated mineral surfaces. This sorption process strongly depends on the water activity, expressed as equilibrium relative humidity in the pore space of the soil, and on the available surface area of the hydrated minerals. In this study, t...

Herbicides are one of the most widely used agrochemical classes around world. They help farmers to protect their crops against weeds. However, they can move through soil profile polluting water resources and adversely affect human health. Groundwater is an important source for production drinking in many places world presence pesticide residues groundwater a serious threat health consumers wate...

a field experiment was conducted at college of aburaihan, university of tehran, iran in 2007 to evaluate the herbicides efficacy in a marigold nursery to control weeds including annual flowers. experimental design was a rcbd with total 12 treatments replicated four times. treatments were trifluralin preplant incorporated at two and three li/ha, trifluralin preplant non incorporated at two and t...

this experiment was arranged as a strip-plot on the base of a completely randomized block design with three replications to study the effect of tillage (whether in day or night or in day by light-proof cover) and application of reduced dosage of imazethapyr and trifluralin on weed control, yield and yield components of chickpea. main plots consisted of tillage methods and subplots consisted of ...

paraquat herbicide weed control efficacy in stale seedbed practices was evaluated by split plots arrangement according to a randomized complete block design with three replications in lorestan province during 2009 and 2010. the common bean seed rate (in three levels: 100, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) and weed management in seven levels (1. trifluralin ppi; 2. paraquat pre; 3. bentazon+acifluorfen post;...

abstract leaving crop residues on the soil surface may significantly affect the behavior and activity of herbicides. to probe this effect, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted using two factors including different rates of wheat surface residue (0, 1250, 2500 and 3750 kg ha-1 ) and different rates of trifluralin (%48 ec) herbicide (7...

BACKGROUND Organophosphate insecticides can inhibit specific cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in metabolic herbicide resistance mechanisms, leading to synergistic interactions between the insecticide and the herbicide. In this study we report synergistic versus antagonistic interactions between the organophosphate insecticide phorate and five different herbicides observed in a population of mul...

The effects of nematicides carbofuran (C) and fenamiphos (F) and herbicides metribuzin (M) and trifluralin (T), alone and in combination, on hatching, penetration, development, and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita race 3 were determined under laboratory conditions. To study hatching, entire egg masses were exposed to nematicides (6 mug/ml), herbicides (0.5 mug/ml), and their combinations o...