Trigger point injections are commonly practised pain interventional techniques. However, there is still lack of objective diagnostic criteria for trigger points. The mechanisms of action of trigger point injection remain obscure and its efficacy remains heterogeneous. The advent of ultrasound technology in the noninvasive real-time imaging of soft tissues sheds new light on visualization of tri...

Although migraine is a neurovascular disorder, both scalp tenderness and referred pain have been observed in migraine patients. The present study was carried out to investigate the presence of trigger points eliciting referred pain in 98 migraine patients and in 32 healthy subjects. Trigger points were found in 92 (93.9%) migraineurs and in nine (29%) controls (P < 0.0001). The number of indivi...

BACKGROUND Trigger points are promoted as an important cause of musculoskeletal pain. There is no accepted reference standard for the diagnosis of trigger points, and data on the reliability of physical examination for trigger points are conflicting. OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature on the reliability of physical examination for the diagnosis of trigger points. METHODS MED...

this study was a clinical trial performed using consecutive method of samplind for 3.5 years in the physiotherapy clinic of Rafsanjan university of medocal sciences.the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the ultrasound along with muscle stretch with ultrasound and muscle stretch along in the treatment of the myofascial trigger points(MTPs).one haundred and twenty patients wh...

OBJECTIVE There is some evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture in chronic low back pain, but it remains unclear which acupuncture modes are most effective. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of two different modes of trigger point acupuncture on pain and quality of life in chronic low back pain patients compared to standard acupuncture treatment. METHODS Thirty five consecutive out-p...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of trigger point injection with or without ischemic compression in treatment of myofascial trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. METHODS SIXTY PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS IN UPPER TRAPEZIUS MUSCLE WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: group 1 (n=20) received only trigger point injections, group 2 (n=20) received trigger point ...