SUMMARY Content caching networks like Information-Centric Networking (ICN) are beneficial to reduce the network traffic by storing content data on routers near to users. In ICN, it becomes an important issue to manage system resources, such as storage and network bandwidth, which are influenced by cache characteristics of each cache node. Meanwhile, cache aging techniques based on Time-To-Live ...

An important research problem that has recently started to receive attention is the freshness issue in search engine result caches. In the current techniques in literature, the cached search result pages are associated with a fixed time-to-live (TTL) value in order to bound the staleness of search results presented to the users, potentially as part of a more complex cache refresh or invalidatio...

The role of post-translational tubulin modifications in the development and maintenance of a polarized epithelium is not well understood. We studied the balance between detyrosinated (detyr-) and tyrosinated (tyr-) tubulin in the formation of MDCK cell monolayers. Increased quantities of detyrosinated microtubules were detected during assembly into confluent cell sheets. These tubules were comp...

Tubulin-tyrosine-ligase (TTL), the enzyme which catalyzes the addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue to alpha-tubulin in the tubulin tyrosination cycle, is involved in tumor progression and has a vital role in neuronal organization. We show that in mammalian fibroblasts, CLIP-170, and other microtubule tip tracking proteins comprising a CAP-Gly microtubule-binding domain such as CLIP-115 and...

This paper describes and analyzes a new mechanism to mitigate flooding Denial of Service (DoS) attacks against the Domain Name System (DNS). This mechanism is based on increasing the Time To Live (TTL) value of end-host IP addresses (DNS A records) when a name server is being overloaded with DoS attack traffic. This mechanism is most suitable for popular name servers providing authoritative DNS...

The detyrosination/retyrosination cycle is the most common post-translational modification of α-tubulin. Removal conserved C-terminal tyrosine α-tubulin by a still elusive tubulin carboxypeptidase, and religation this ligase (TTL), are probably to all eukaryotes. Interestingly, for plants, only candidates qualifying as potential TTL homologs ligase-like 12 proteins. To get insight into biologic...

The recently observed variability in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), which features a warming of 0.9 K over the past decade (2001–2011), is investigated with a number of sensitivity experiments from simulations with NCAR’s CESM-WACCM chemistry–climate model. The experiments have been designed to specifically quantify the contributions from natural as well as anthropogenic factors, such as ...

[1] The processes that fix the fractionation of the stable isotopologues of water in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are studied using cloud‐resolving model simulations of an idealized equatorial Walker circulation with an imposed Brewer‐Dobson circulation. This simulation framework allows the explicit representation of the convective and microphysical processes at work in the TTL. In this ...

BACKGROUND The free radical/oxidative stress theory of ageing has received considerable attention, but the evidence on the association of oxidative stress markers with mortality is sparse. METHODS We measured derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite (D-ROM) levels as a proxy for the reactive oxygen species concentration and total thiol levels (TTL) as a proxy for the redox control status in ...