introduction intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly used cropping practice which aims to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources (agegnehu et al., 2006; dhima et al., 2007). intercropping of chickpea with linseed reduced the chickpea yield by 60.3%, although linseed occupied on...

The destruction of land and forced migration during the Anfal attacks against the Kurds in Iraq in the late 1980s has been reported to have severe consequences for agricultural development. A reconstruction program to aid people in returning to their lands was launched in 1991. To assess the agricultural situation in the Duhok governorate during the pre-Anfal (A), post-Anfal (B), reconstruction...

in order to examine the impact of pure and mixed planting on the production of grasses and also the biological control of weeds an experiment was conducted in the research farm of alashtar city of lorestan province between the years 1391 and 1392. this experiment within the design of complete random blocks (rcbd) with 6 protections which included 100:0 (rouph pea pure planting) 0:100 (pure plan...

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range morphological variation. Within species characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond aspects yield determination and/or end use. Here variation size, described as length: width ratio, has been analyzed pea germplasm represe...

an important factor in sustainable agriculture and economic management is to calculate areas under different crops that the inputs of agriculture connect to this topic. planning of agricultural mechanization, fertilizer and pesticide requirements, pests and diseases control, estimates of agricultural production, income and tax and financial planning, all linked to the cultivated areas and estim...

for treatment of anti-nutritional factors(anfs), (?-n-oxalyl -l- ?, ? -diaminopropionic acid (?-odap) and condensed tannin (ct)) in grass pea, some such alkali treatments as naoh, nahco3, kmno4 and wood ash, besides water soaking and polyethylene glycol (peg) (6000 mw) were employed . metabolizable energy (me) of treated and of untreated grass pea was assessed using gas production technique, tw...

Present research was conducted with the aim of determination of significant effect of soil properties on natural regeneration of Haloxylon aphyllum and correlation coefficient and linear relation between soil variables and natural regeneration of Haloxylon aphyllum. Firstly, geomorphologic units were prepared in the areas under cultivation of Haloxylon aphyllum in Ardestan. Two cultivated lands...