Endogenous retroviruses provide important insights into the deep history of this viral lineage. Endogenous foamy viruses are thought to be very rare and only a few cases have been identified to date. Here we report a novel endogenous foamy virus (CaEFV) within the genome of the Cape golden mole (Chrysochloris asiatica). The identification of CaEFV reveals the presence of foamy virus in the plac...

We present a novel methodology for the prediction of three-phase oil relative permeability, kro, through a sigmoid-based model. This modeling choice allows us to incorporate key effects of the pore-scale phase distributions into the proposed effective empirical model for kro. Our sigmoid-based model is able to reproduce: (i) oil remobilization induced by gas injection in water-wet media; (ii) a...

It is also common for flowmeters to be installed downstream of a two or three phase separator. If the well conditions change or the separator has been incorrectly sized, then it is possible that the oil liquid outlet may have some gas carry under. The effects of gas entrainment on the output of ultrasonic and Coriolis meters has been reported previously [1] [2]. It is already known that gas ent...

We introduce a numerically improved image reconstruction technique for imaging two-phase oil–gas pipe flows using electrical capacitance tomography, based on simulated annealing and iterative linear forward modelling. In the simulated annealing method, a permittivity image is reconstructed by minimizing iteratively an energy function related to the difference between the measured ECT data and t...

We use the model described in Piri and Blunt [Phys. Rev. E 71, 026301 (2005)] to predict two- and three-phase relative permeabilities of Berea sandstone using a random network to represent the pore space. We predict measured relative permeabilities for two-phase flow in a water-wet system. We then successfully predict the steady-state oil, water, and gas three-phase relative permeabilities meas...

Optimal climate policy is studied in a Ramsey growth model with exhaustible oil reserves, an infinitely elastic supply of renewables, stock-dependent oil extraction costs and convex climate damages. We concentrate on economies with an initial capital stock below that of the steady state of the carbon-free economy and the initial cost of oil (extraction cost plus scarcity rent and social cost of...

Adding surfactant into the displacing aqueous phase during surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation of NAPL contamination and in chemical flooding oil recovery significantly changes interfacial tension (IFT) (σ) on water–oil interfaces within porous media. The change in IFT may have a large impact on relative permeability for the two-phase flow system. In most subsurface flow investigations, how...

Abstract: This paper discusses two topics. At first, it uses continuous wavelet (Morlet) transform, coherency, and phase angle analysis to study the effect of mean volatility in OPEC Crude Oil prices, WTI crude oil prices, Brent Crude oil prices and Iran’s crude oil prices on The Iran’s REER. To this end, the monthly data of the variables for years 2003 to 2012 is used. Coherency analysis rev...

Two simple, eco-friendly and efficient phase-selective gelators were developed for instant (<45 s) gelation of oil (either commercial fuels or pure organic liquids) from an oil-water mixture at room temperature to combat marine oil spills.

Emulsions are a class of disperse systems consisting of two immiscible liquids [1–3]. The liquid droplets (the disperse phase) are dispersed in a liquid medium (the continuous phase). Several classes may be distinguished: oil-in-water (O/W), water-in-oil (W/O), and oil-in-oil (O/O). The latter class may be exemplified by an emulsion consisting of a polar oil (e.g., propylene glycol) dispersed i...