Electric organs in Sternarchidae are of neural origin, in contrast to electric organs in other fish, which are derived from muscle. The electric organ in Sternarchus is composed of modified axons of spinal neurons. Fibers comprising the electric organ were studied by dissection and by light- and electron microscopy of sectioned material. The spinal electrocytes descend to the electric organ whe...

Living stromatolites growing in a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park are composed of silica-encrusted cyanobacterial mats. Two cyanobacterial mat types grow on the stromatolite surfaces and are preserved as two distinct lithofacies. One mat is present when the stromatolites are submerged or at the water-atmosphere interface and the other when stromatolites protrude from the hot spring. The...

The success of shale gas in North America has attracted increased interest in “unconventional” reservoirs. Two critical factors for shale-gas reservoirs are units amenable to hydrologic fracture stimulation and sufficient natural gas content. The effectiveness of hydrologic fracture stimulation is influenced by rock geomechanical properties, which are related to rock mineralogy. The natural gas...

We have used a Wavelet Based Fractal Analysis (WBFA) and a Waveform Classifier (WC) to recognize lithofacies at the Oritupano A field (Oritupano-Leona Block, Venezuela). The WBFA was applied first to Sonic, Density, Gamma Ray and Porosity well logs in the area. The logs that give the best response to the WBFA are the Gamma Ray and NPHI (porosity) logs. In the case of the logs, the lithological ...

Thermoelectric cooling and micro-power generation from waste heat within a standard desktop computer has been demonstrated. A thermoelectric test system has been designed and constructed, with typical test results presented for thermoelectric cooling and micro-power generation when the computer is executing a number of different applications. A thermoelectricmodule, operating as a heat pump,

Station-keeping and reorientation control of a cluster of fully-actuated low-thrust micro-satellites is considered in this paper. We propose a very general optimization based control methodology to solve constrained trajectory generation problems for stationkeeping and reorientation. By taking advantage of the fully-actuated structure of the micro-satellite, it is possible to compute the contro...

Abstract Lithofacies prediction can facilitate the search for hydrocarbon reservoirs and is, therefore, crucial seismic exploration. We proposed a new approach lithofacies based on stochastic simulation of pseudo-wells. First, we performed pseudo-well using continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC), which accurately describe geological deposition be created logging, core or data. used CTMC to randoml...

Motivated by the concept of tangent measures and by H. Fürstenberg’s definition of microsets of a compact set A we introduce micro tangent sets and central micro tangent sets of continuous functions. It turns out that the typical continuous function has a rich (universal) micro tangent set structure at many points. The Brownian motion, on the other hand, with probability one does not have graph...

We reported the optical and wettability properties of aligned zinc oxide micro/nanotube arrays, which were synthesized on zinc foil via a simple hydrothermal method. As-synthesized ZnO micro/nanotubes have uniform growth directions along the [0001] orientations with diameters in the range of 100-700 nm. These micro/nanotubes showed a strong emission peak at 387 nm and two weak emission peaks at...

1- Introduction The sediment cores BAG, AZD and AM in the Babolsar, Jouybar and Zaghmarz areas are located at the southern Iranian part of the coastal plain of the Caspian Sea. These areas are contained by major mountain ridge, the Alborz in the south (Central Alborz Structural Zone). The Alborz Mountain represent the main source of terrigenous materials in the South basin of the Caspian Sea. ...