There are many ways in which a set of biological variables (clinical, laboratory, or histological variables) can characterize a distinct disease. In modern medicine, a nosological entity is most commonly determined by the primary factor responsible for the disease. Nevertheless, when the etiologic factor is unknown, a syndromic approach is the surrogate approach for establishing a diagnosis. Th...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate the histopathologic pattern and clinical features of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society consensus classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Two thousand-bed, university-affiliated, tertia...

In this study we investigated the implication of NLRP3 inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and rheumatoid arthritis-usual interstitial pneumonia (RA-UIP).NLRP3 inflammasome activation at baseline and following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide/ATP was evaluated by measuring interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels released in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (...

Unmanaged Internet Protocol (UIP) is a fully selforganizing network-layer protocol that implements scalable identity-based routing. In contrast with addressbased routing protocols, which depend for scalability on centralized hierarchical address management, UIP nodes use a flat namespace of cryptographic node identifiers. Node identities can be created locally on demand and remain stable across...

This paper revisits the uncovered interest parity relation. It supplements existing work in two ways: It focuses on long instead of short-term interest rates, and, related to that, employs exchange rate expectations derived from purchasing power parity (PPP) instead of actual outcomes. Among the major ̄oating currencies over the period 1975± 1997, the paper cannot support the notion of further ...

Abstract This paper tests for uncovered interest parity (UIP) using daily data for twenty-three developing and developed countries through the crisis-strewn 1990s. We find that UIP works better on average in the 1990s than in previous eras in the sense that the slope coefficient from a regression of exchange rate changes on interest differentials yields a positive coefficient (which is sometime...

Among the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, the two entities— idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) characterised by the presence of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern of histopathology (IPF/UIP) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP; same nomenclature for the histopathological pattern and idiopathic disease)—have provoked considerable debate. IPF/ UIP and NSIP closely mimic each ...

We test Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP) using LIBOR interest rates for a wide range of maturities. In contrast to other markets, LIBOR markets have minimal frictions which could lead to rejecting UIP. Using panel unit root test suggested by Palm, Smeekes, and Urbain (2010) and cointegration techniques by Westerlund (2007), we find that UIP holds for shortterm maturities, when market-specific he...

This paper tests for uncovered interest parity (UIP) using daily data for 23 developing and developed countries during the crisis-strewn 1990s. We find that UIP works better on average in the 1990s than in previous eras in the sense that the slope coefficient from a regression of exchange rate changes on interest differentials yields a positive coefficient (which is sometimes insignificantly di...

An accurate and early diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is critically required for patients and care providers because it dictates very specific management decisions that include referral to transplant, access to new approved drugs, avoidance of immunosuppression and potential referral to palliative care. While the original diagnosis of IPF was highly dependent on patterns observ...