UNLABELLED Small biomolecules are typically radiolabeled with (18)F by binding it to a carbon atom, a process that usually is designed uniquely for each new molecule and requires several steps and hours to produce. We report a facile method wherein (18)F is first attached to aluminum as Al(18)F, which is then bound to a chelate attached to a peptide, forming a stable Al(18)F-chelate-peptide com...

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. is a traditional Chinese herb (Murphy, 2006; Qiu et al., 2003). The extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. has been widely applied to the treatment of immune-related diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nephritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Chang et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2000). Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. have been shown...

We compared anaerobic lytic (AL) and pediatric aerobic resin-containing (Peds Plus/F) blood culture media for the isolation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi or Paratyphi A from children. The yields from AL and Peds Plus/F media were the same with equal volumes of blood, but recovery was faster from AL medium than Peds Plus/F medium (10.7 and 16.4 h, respectively) (P < 0.001).

We show that there exists a Boolean function F which gives the following separations among deterministic query complexity (D(F )), randomized zero error query complexity (R0(F )) and randomized one-sided error query complexity (R1(F )): R1(F ) = Õ( √ D(F )) and R0(F ) = Õ(D(F ))3/4. This refutes the conjecture made by Saks and Wigderson that for any Boolean function f , R0(f) = Ω(D(f))0.753... ...

Cyclic nitramine explosives are synthesized globally mainly as military munitions, and their use has resulted in environmental contamination. Several biodegradation pathways have been proposed, and these are based mainly on end-product characterization because many of the metabolic intennediates are hypothetical and unstable in water. Biodegradation mechanisms for cyclic nitramines include (a) ...

In the Baltic Sea, the broadly distributed brown alga Fucus vesiculosus coexists in sympatry over part of its range (south west Gulf of Bothnia) with the Baltic endemic F. radicans sp. nov, while further north in colder and lower-salinity areas of the Baltic F. radicans occurs alone (north west Gulf of Bothnia). F. radicans appears to have arisen via rapid speciation from F. vesiculosus within ...

The effect of the molar ratio of hydroxide and fluoride ions to Al(III) ions (gamma(OH) and gamma(F)) on coagulation and electrocoagulation (EC) was studied to solve the problem of the over addition of acid or base. The efficiency of defluoridation was approximately 100% when the sum of gamma(OH) and gamma(F) (gamma(OH+F)) was close to 3. This finding reveals that the fluoride ions and the hydr...

T rends in population grow th can be m onitored w ith data for key vital rates w ithou t knowledge o f abundance. A lthough adult female survival has the highest elasticity for ungulate population dynamics, the m ore variable recruitm ent rates are com monly m onitored to track local variation in grow th rates. Specifically, recruitm ent is often measured using late w inter youngradult age rati...