background : one way to optimize energy consumption is replacing incandescent lamp with compact fluorescent lamps .these lamps produce ultraviolet radiation due to the nature of light production. this study aimed to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation emitted from compact fluorescent lamps which are widely used in iran. methods : this study carries out on 16 compact fluorescent lamps (four diffe...

A method is presented that combines individual ground based ultraviolet (UV) measurements from the Austrian UVB monitoring network and area-wide data of the distribution of clouds derived from satellite images to generate a UV-Index map all over the region. The Austrian UVB Monitoring network provides near real time ground based 5 measurements of surface UV irradiance from fifteen selected loca...

News media and meteorological bulletins generally report on the ultraviolet index (UVI) to prevent overexposure sun. However, this information does not reflect accumulated damage skin induced by total amount of UVR (ultraviolet radiation) over time, known as erythemal dose (ED). This study analyzed UVI ED measured at ±30 ±60 minutes around solar noon (SN) in Arica, North Chile. The results show...

Because direct measurements of the refractive index of hemoglobin over a large wavelength range are challenging, indirect methods deserve particular attention. Among them, the Kramers-Kronig relations are a powerful tool often used to derive the real part of a refractive index from its imaginary part. However, previous attempts to apply the relations to solutions of human hemoglobin have been s...

The research objective was to gather and collate data that will enable dermatologists to quantify exposure to solar radiation so that they can give accurate advice to patients using heliotherapy, thereby minimising harm from sun exposure. Other patients can also be advised regarding ultraviolet index (UVI) and sun safety. The concept of minimal erythema dose per hour (MED/h) may be useful in fu...

To validate azotemic markers as an index for intradialytic changes in solute concentration, we compared eight solutes (pseudouridine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, peak 4, peak 5, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, and hippuric acid) with five classical azotemic markers (urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphate, and potassium). We determined concentrations by reversed-phase HPLC coupled to ultrav...

Introduction: Ultraviolet index (UVI) is a dimensionless scale, which describes the maximum intensity and biologic effects of UV during a specific time, on surface of the earth. The UVI is  an  international  standard measurement of  the  strength  of sunburn  producing ultraviolet radiation at a particular place and time. This index is an easy and understandable concept for pr...

It has recently been argued that the confining vacua of Yang-Mills theory in the far infrared can have topological degrees of freedom given by magnetic Zq gauge field, both in the non-supersymmetric case and in the N = 1 supersymmetric case. In this short note we give another piece of evidence by computing and matching the supersymmetric index of the pure super Yang-Mills theory both in the ult...

Sir, A 60‐year‐old Japanese man with a 30‐year history of psoriasis vulgaris was referred to our hospital. His previous treatments, including topical corticosteroids, Vitamin D analogs, narrowband ultraviolet B, and cyclosporine, demonstrated poor disease control. At his first visit, he presented with scaly erythematous plaques on his trunk, extremities, and scalp, with considerable itching. At...