The purpose o f the paper is to investigate the effects o f unconscious versus conscious ways o f making decisions in a dynamic decision-making task. An experimental setting is used to study this question; three experimental groups are distinguished: immediate decision-making (only limited time for cognitive processing), considered decision­ making (time for conscious processing), and distracte...

This paper is a response to two recent, unrelated studies in the on-going issue of unconsciously processed advertising messages, one on similarity of hypnotic suggestion to suggestion in advertising, the other discussing more recent, similar constructs from psychology called the Duel Process Model in regard to the susceptibility of children to advertising. Implications for understanding low inv...

The theory of the archetypes and the hypothesis of the collective unconscious are two of the central characteristics of analytical psychology. These provoke, however, varying reactions among academic psychologists. Empirical studies which test these hypotheses are rare. Rosen, Smith, Huston and Gonzales proposed a cognitive psychological experimental paradigm to investigate the nature of archet...

In the preceding article, Buchner and Wippich used a guessing-corrected, multinomial process-dissociation analysis to test whether a gender bias in fame judgments reported by Banaji and Greenwald (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1995, 68, 181-198) was unconscious. In their two experiments, Buchner and Wippich found no evidence for unconscious mediation of this gender bias. Their c...

Recent research in social psychology suggests that people harbor ‘‘implicit race biases,’’ biases which can be unconscious or uncontrollable. Because awareness and control have traditionally been deemed necessary for the ascription of moral responsibility, implicit biases present a unique challenge: do we pardon discrimination based on implicit biases because of its unintentional nature, or do ...

Predictive Processing theory, hotly debated in neuroscience, psychology and philosophy, promises to explain a number of perceptual cognitive phenomena simple elegant manner. In some its versions, the theory is ambitiously advertised as new conscious perception. The task this paper assess whether claim realistic. We will be arguing that cannot transition from unconscious perception proprietary t...

The field of cognitive psychology has increasingly provided scientific insights to explore how humans are subject to unconscious sources of evidentiary bias, leading to errors that can affect judgement and decision-making. Increasingly these insights are being applied outside the realm of individual decision-making to the collective arena of policy-making as well. A recent editorial in this jou...

there is a bilateral relationship between psychoanalysis and literature. literature enlivens the soul and psychoanalysis dissects literature. what psychoanalysts express today has attended in the past literature and is proposed now scientifically after psychoanalysis was identified as a science. by analyzing an art work from the perspective of psychology, it seems being possible to understand a...

archetype is a jung's term for the contents of the collective unconscious; the instinctive thoughts which organize human's experiences according to predetermined innate patterns.  these ancient images appearance in various forms over time including myths and stories, as jung describes myths and fairy tales as the reflection of archetypes. the obvious examples of these archetypes in pe...