Exploration of planets has significant chances of discoveries e.g. discovery of new substances, as well as finding keys to the origin of our planet. However, some terrains are poorly explored, especially the underground ones. Thus, we have developed underground explorers that use peristaltic crawling of an earthworm for a propulsion part and an earth auger (EA) for an excavation. In this paper,...

The dominant working structure of an underground mine is a set of interconnected tunnels which provides access to ore zones and haulage of ore from the designated ore zones to the mill. This set of interconnected tunnels forms a network. We describe a mathematical network model and the modelling features of our two software tools for designing underground mine layouts that minimise associated c...

Node scheduling is one of the key issues in research of internet of things, while the 3D scheduling algorithm of nodes oriented the underground space near surface is the application foundation of the wireless sensor network (WSN). It brought up the research of methods for more efficient coverage of wireless sensor network node, built the node scheduling algorithm oriented underground space with...

Ground subsidence monitoring is of paramount importance in relation to the safety and efficiency of underground mining operations. Moreover, in established coal fields in eastern Australia, it has become harder and harder to select underground minesites which can avoid major engineering structures both on the surface and underground (highways, bridges, buildings, abandoned workings of old under...

The Giant Mine, located in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada has been operating as a gold mine since 1948. Giant has been primarily an underground operation which used roaster technology to remove of gold from refractory arsenopyrite ore. The roasting process produced arsenic trioxide bearing dust as a waste product. This dust was pneumatically conveyed into underground storage chamber...

extended abstract introduction water resources management in arid and semi-arid areas is very important to provide of water for stakeholders. in recent decades, construction of underground dams have been considered, because of its advantages. these dams have many advantages, e.g., unlike a surface dam, land is not submerged to store water and there is no danger of breaching due to natural or ma...

In this paper, a new approach for the dynamic reliability assessment of finite element modelled underground pipeline structures under earthquake excitations with uncertain parameters is proposed. The approach is established based on the thoughts of the newly developed probability density evolution method, which is capable of capturing the instantaneous probability density function (PDF) and its...

We developed a simple monetary model to study the effects of tax evasion on the optimal inflation tax. The model is constructed so that inflation might be an indirect way of taxing the underground sector of the economy. We show that while there are theoretical reasons for positive optimal inflation rates, the effects are quantitatively small, even in countries with large underground sectors. We...

To overcome the frequency-selective fading of ultra wide band (UWB) caused by the multi-path propagation in complicated environment of coal mines, an underground wireless communication system of UWB based on multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) for coal mine is presented. Independent angle impulse response is used to build up revised channel model for underground tunn...

Microbiological activity is a general term which includes all metabolic reactions and interactions of the soil microflora and macrofauna.1 Soil microorganisms contribute to soil fertility and aggregate formation in degraded soils.2 However, it is only during the last decades that ecologists have beginning to explore the underground communities and their functional significance for the plant com...