The increasing needs of free licensed frequency bands like Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), 5G for underwater communications required more bandwidth (BW) with higher data transferring rate. Microwaves produce a rate data, their associated devices are smaller in comparison sonar ultrasonic. Thus, transceivers should have broad BW to cover band, espec...

Digital communications through underwater acoustic (UWA) channels differ from those in other media, such as radio channels, due to the high temporal and spatial variability of the acoustic channel which make the available bandwidth of the channel limited and dependent on both range and frequency. In order to overcome disadvantage factors and maximize performance to conduct real-time information...

Over the past three decades underwater acoustic communications has grown in a spectaculous manner. Continued research over the years has resulted in improved performance and robustness as compared to the initial single-carrier communication systems. Multicarrier modulation in the form of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has emerged as a promising modulation scheme for underwate...

A high bit rate acoustic link over an underwater channel is investigated . Design of a Digital communication system utilizing acoustic signals for underwater applications is a very challenging field due to the extremely complex nature of the underwater channel. The conventional techniques for overcoming the channel effects used in communication systems elsewhere fail to give the desired results...

To enable underwater applications such as coastal and tactical surveillance, undersea explorations, and picture/video acquisition, there is a need to achieve high datarate underwater acoustic communications, which translates into attaining high acoustic channel spectral efficiencies. Interference Alignment (IA) technique, which has recently been proposed for radio-frequency MIMO terrestrial com...

In past decades, there has been a growing interest in the discussion and study of using underwater acoustic channel as the physical layer for communication systems, ranging from point-to-point communications to underwater multicarrier modulation networks. A series of review papers were already available to provide a history of the development of the field until the end of the last decade. In th...

List of Items Controlled * * * * * Related Controls: (1) See also 8A992 and for underwater communications systems, see Category 5, Part I—Telecommunications. (2) See also 8A992 for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus that is not controlled by 8A002 or released for control by the 8A002.q Note. (3) For electronic imaging systems ‘‘specially designed’’ or modified for underwater use inco...