What do people feel like doing after they have exerted cognitive effort or are bored? Here, we empirically test whether people are drawn to rewards (at the neural level) following cognitive effort and boredom. This elucidates the experiences and consequences of engaging in cognitive effort, and compares it to the consequences of experiencing boredom, an affective state with predicted similar mo...

What do people feel like doing after they have exerted cognitive effort or are bored? Here, we empirically test whether people are drawn to rewards (at the neural level) following cognitive effort and boredom. This elucidates the experiences and consequences of engaging in cognitive effort, and compares it to the consequences of experiencing boredom, an affective state with predicted similar mo...

BACKGROUND Securing appropriate challenge or preventing boredom is one of the reasons frequently used to justify ability grouping of gifted students, which has been shown to have beneficial effects for achievement. On the other hand, critics stress psychosocial costs, such as detrimental effects on academic self-concept (contrast or big-fish-little-pond effect). AIM The effects of full-time a...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between family function and marital satisfaction with marital disaffection of married couples (teachers)  in Behshahr.   The research method is descriptive and co-relational. The study sample group consisted of 250 married teachers in 2016, of which 150 of them were selected according to Morgan random sampling. The research instruments w...

Since the beginning of educational assessment, there has been interest in modeling more than just what a student knows. However, the ease of measuring relatively simple knowledge and skills through multiple-choice tests has led to a field that has largely focused on what is easy to measure. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in automated assessment of students in a broader rang...

This paper conducts a set of perceptual experiments together with an F0 acoustic analysis on emotional speech of Mandarin Chinese. Sixty utterances spoken by two actors in five basic emotions (i.e. happiness, fear, anger, sadness, and boredom) as well as in the neutral style served as stimuli. The perceptual experiments showed the following results: (1) For Mandarin Chinese, the rates of identi...

INTRODUCTION The main aim of this study is to improve our knowledge on binge drinking behavior in adolescents. In particular, we tested a model of predictors of binge drinking focusing on boredom proneness; we also examined the predictive and mediating role of drinking expectancies on binge drinking. METHODS A questionnaire designed to assess current drinking behavior, such as binge drinking,...