The article explains the differences between synthetic fuels of first and second generation. potential e-fuels to reduce GHG emissions was indicated. application requirements that need meet in order be used for powering internal combustion engines have been described. possibility using as "drop-in" fuels, blends with conventional petroleum-derived well by themselves discussed. E-fuels developed...

The 491 U.S. coal-fired power plants are the largest unregulated industrial source of mercury emissions nationwide, annually emitting about 48 tons of mercury—a toxic element that poses health threats, including neurological disorders in children. In 2000, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determined that mercury emissions from these sources should be regulated, but the agency has not s...

We examine the relation between environmental disclosure and cost of capital by exploiting Fukushima nuclear disaster as a source variation in relevance information for investors. Using large hand-collected sample Japanese firms, we find that firms disclosing carbon emissions experience lower increase than non-disclosing firms. Cross-sectional analyses suggest association is driven investor unc...