This paper reports on the ongoing work and research involved in the development of a socio-technical model of urban water systems. Socio-technical, means the model is not so much concerned with the technical or biophysical aspects of urban water systems, but rather with the social and institutional implications of the urban water infrastructure and vice versa. A socio-technical model, in the vi...

Economic valuation of water is useful in the administration and management of water. Population growth and urbanization caused municipal water demand increase in Iran. Limited water resource supply and urban water network capacity raised complexity in water resources management. Present condition suggests using economic value of water as a criterion for allocating policies and feasibility study...

BACKGROUND Large proportions of people still do not have excess to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the health impacts. Random households were selected. Information was collected from questionnaire through interview schedule method, group discussion and observation checklist. RESULTS People rated water and sanitat...

there are many trends in making an ecological city all around the word, one of important cases in this approach is safe and health water. according by definitions, safe and potable water is water needed for conducting the activities of man. potable water is the most important renewable sources and this resource plays important role for survival of most living organisms as well as man based on s...

purpose to evaluate the effect of ramadan fasting on body water status markers of rugby players at basal condition and following a simulation of rugby sevens match. methods twelve recreational rugby sevens players played three matches: one day before ramadan (before ramadan), at the end of the first week of ramadan (beg-r) and at the end of ramadan (end-r). before and immediately after each mat...

to study the effects of soil amendments on physical and hydraulic properties of a saline-sodic sandy clay loam soil, a field experiment was carried out as a complete block design with three replications. the treatments in this research consisted of control (b), 10 ton ha-1 gypsum (g), 10 ton ha-1 urban solid compost (c), three levels of vinyl alcohol acrylic acid (s1= 0.05%, s2= 0.1%, s3= 0.2%)...

Understanding the relationship between land use and surface water quality is necessary for effective water management. We estimated the impacts of catchment-wide land use on water quality during the dry and rainy seasons in the Dongjiang River basin, using remote sensing, geographic information systems and multivariate statistical techniques. The results showed that the 83 sites can be divided ...

Pressures on urban, peri-urban and rural water and agricultural systems are increasingly complex with multiple interacting stresses and impacts. As a way of addressing these issues there has been increasing consideration as to how to build and manage resilience in these complex social-ecological systems. This paper presents a case study of the role of water recycling for agricultural use within...

Urban water systems consist of natural and engineered flows of water interacting in complex ways. System complexity can be understood via mass conservative models that account for the interrelationships among all major flows and storages. We have developed a generic urban water system model in the R package CityWaterBalance. CityWaterBalance provides a reproducible workflow for studying urban w...

M anaging microbes from urban watersheds can be a daunting task, as bacteria are usually present in high concentrations during storms, come from many different sources, and follow many complex pathways to reach receiving waters. In this article, we examine whether it is technically feasible to reduce microbes in urban stormwater to maintain drinking water, water contact recreation and shellfish...