An indirect immunofluorescence method was developed and used to detect urinary excretion of abnormal transitional cells infected with JC virus (JCV) or BK virus (BKV). This method was compared with urinary cytology, electron microscopy, viral culture, and viral serology in groups of immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients and normal controls. The indirect immunofluorescence method detected...

background & objectives: cancer is a serious problem for human being and is becoming a serious problem day-by-day .a prerequisite for any therapeutic modality is early diagnosis. automated cancer diagnosis by automatic image feature extraction procedures can be used as a feature extraction in the field of fractal dimension. the aim of this survey was to introduce a quantitative and objectiv...

Despite advances in the surgical and medical treatment of bladder cancer, there have only been minor improvements in mortality and morbidity rates over the past decades. Urine-based markers help to improve diagnosing bladder cancer with the aim of complementing or probably in future replacing cystoscopy. Biomarkers may allow individualized risk stratification and support decision-making regardi...

Urothelial bladder cancer is the fourth most prevalent male malignancy in the United States and also one of the ten most lethal. Superficial or non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer has a high rate of recurrence and can progress to muscle invasive disease. Conventional surveillance requires regular cystoscopy and is used often with urinary cytology. Unfortunately, the cystoscopy procedure is invas...

Blinded urinary assays for cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) were performed on 49 subjects with documented abnormal cervical cytology and 21 control subjects with normal cytology. A significant difference in the mean cGMP:cAMP ratios between the case and control groups was found. A significantly greater proportion of women with cytologic...

ABSTRACT A canine patient, 13-year-old mixed breed male, 24kg, was seen at a private clinic in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. The main reason for consultation evaluation mass right knee and neck that had previously been cytologically diagnosed neoplastic origin by another team veterinarians through fine needle puncture cytology. contacts were asymptomatic. At time consultation, detailed explor...