Since influenza may be prevented by vaccine, development and successful implementation of public health programs to prevent spread of a potential avian influenza strain relies upon vaccination as a strategic cornerstone. Although both the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)† and the World Health Organization (WHO) highlight the role of influenza vaccination as the core of an effective...

A formalin-inactivated Eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was prepared from the PE-6 strain virus, propagated in primary chick-embryo cell cultures maintained with Medium 199 containing 0.25% human serum albumin. To effect an increase in antigenic mass per unit volume of fluid harvest, we used the pooled fluids from the first tissue-culture passage as maintenance medium for two additional...

background and aims: the safe, potent and effective live vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella as important childhood diseases have been available for several decades. several factors can affect the thermal stability of lyophilized vaccine. methods: in this study, the effect of residual moisture on thermal stability of 61 batches of mmr vaccine was investigated using an accelerated method...

Influenza disease impacts every year up to 10% of the world's population, i.e. up to 500 millions of people. The international surveillance network organised by WHO allows the detection of important antigenic variation of the virus in humans but also animals (especially birds and pigs). Epidemiological data are summarised twice a year in two meetings (one in February, the other in September) al...

Background: Cell mediated immunity, especially cytotoxic T cell responses against HIV-1 infection, plays a critical role in controlling viral replication and disease progres-sion. DNA vaccine is a novel technology which is known to stimulate strong cellular immune responses. Many DNA vaccines have been tested for HIV infection but there is still no effective vaccine against this infection. Cons...

The viral surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) has been recognized as a key antigen in the host response to influenza virus in both natural infection and vaccination because neutralizing antibodies directed against HA can mitigate or prevent infection. The baculovirus-insect cell system can be used for the production of recombinant HA molecules and is suitable for influenza vaccine production whe...

Introduction: This paper proposes an appropriate strategy for exporting Hepatitis B vaccine, manufactured by Pasteur Institute of Iran, to other countries. Methods: Eeffectiveness factors and their relative variables were found out by factor analysis method in SPSS software. Results: We could identify 6 main factors which can extremely affect the export of this product. We evaluated manufacture...

OBJECTIVE To identify a strain of contagious ecthyma virus from goats that possesses the appropriate characteristics for an effective vaccine for goats. ANIMALS 25 goat kids used for vaccine development and 100 goat kids used for evaluation of vaccine efficacy. PROCEDURES 5 strains of contagious ecthyma virus were tested in a vaccination-challenge study to identify the best strain to be the...

An influenza pandemic represents one of the greatest acute infectious threats to health. The 1918–1919 influenza pandemic caused an estimated 500,000 deaths in the United States, making it the most fatal event in all of US history. The spread of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza across much of Asia creates a substantial risk of igniting the next pandemic. In 2004, 44 human cases caused by ...

Vaccination is by far the most effective way of preventing morbidity and mortality due to infection of the upper respiratory tract by influenza virus. Current vaccines require yearly vaccine updates as the influenza virus can escape vaccine-induced humoral immunity due to the antigenic variability of its surface antigens. In case of a pandemic, new vaccines become available too late with curren...