We report acute retinal necrosis caused by the vaccine Oka strain following immunization of a 78-year-old woman with live zoster vaccine. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the ocular vOka strain to be derived from the vaccine and excluded the presence of new mutations or recombination with wild-type Varicella zoster virus.

Rinderpest vaccine strain LA-AKO, which is less virulent especially to highly susceptible Asian cattle breeds, was established from a lapinized vaccine strain by further passages in rabbit and chick embryos. Here, we report the genome sequence of LA-AKO, which currently remains active for the production of an emergent vaccine in Japan.

We consider a model for a disease with two competing strains and vaccination. The vaccine provides complete protection against one of the strains (strain 2) but only partial protection against the other (strain 1). The partial protection leads to existence of subthreshold equilibria of strain 1. If the first strain mutates into the second, there are subthreshold coexistence equilibria when both...

The conventional C-strain vaccine induces early protection against classical swine fever (CSF), but infected animals cannot be distinguished from vaccinated animals. The CP7_E2alf marker vaccine, a pestivirus chimera, could be a suitable substitute for C-strain vaccine to control CSF outbreaks. In this study, single oral applications of CP7_E2alf and C-strain vaccines were compared for their ef...

S1 gene sequences for infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains of the 4/91 genotype (commonly called 793B) isolated from field outbreaks in Japan were analyzed to ascertain the relationship to 4/91 vaccine strain. Three field isolates (JP/Wakayama/2003, JP/Iwate/2005 and JP/Saitama/2006) from flocks not immunized with a 4/91 type live IBV vaccine and one isolate (JP/Wakayama-2/2004) from a flo...

Adverse effects of strain persistence and secretion in milk have been encountered with the Brucella melitensis vaccine strain Rev.1. Field isolates obtained from vaccinated animals and from a human resembled the vaccine strain Rev.1 by conventional bacteriological tests. The lack of a specific molecular marker that could specifically characterize the commercial vaccine strain prevented confirma...

Tularemia is a high-risk infectious disease caused by Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Due to its high fatality at very low colony-forming units (less than 10), F. tularensis is considered as a powerful potential bioterrorism agent. Vaccine could be the most efficient way to prevent the citizen from infection of F. tularensis when the bioterrorism happens, but officially approved...

results the results showed that all the strains had the dominant allele ptxs1a. there were differences between the alleles of the clinical strains and the vaccine strain. conclusions in recent years, a significant increase in the incidence of pertussis has been reported worldwide. our findings regarding the allelic shift of the ptxs1 gene are similar to those reported in many european and ameri...

The 2009 H1N1 pandemic and recent human cases of H5N1, H7N9, and H6N1 in Asia highlight the need for a universal influenza vaccine that can provide cross-strain or even cross-subtype protection. Here, we show that recombinant monoglycosylated hemagglutinin (HAmg) with an intact protein structure from either seasonal or pandemic H1N1 can be used as a vaccine for cross-strain protection against v...

Mumps epidemics in Canada and the United States prompted us to review evidence for the effectiveness of 5 different vaccine strains. Early trials with the Jeryl Lynn vaccine strain demonstrated an efficacy of approximately 95%, but in epidemic conditions, the effectiveness has been as low as 62%; this is still considerably better than the effectiveness of another safe strain, Rubini (which has ...