background: atrophic vaginitis is a disease, which affects up to 50% of postmenopausal women. this study compared the effectiveness and user-friendliness of vagifem (an estradiol vaginal tablet) and vaginal estrogen cream in the treatment of atrophic vaginitis. materials and methods: one hundred and  sixty postmenopausal women with symptoms of atrophic  vaginitis were randomly divided into two ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TX-004HR vaginal estradiol soft-gel capsules for moderate-to-severe dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, postmenopausal women with a self-identified most bothersome symptom of dyspareunia received 4, 10, or 25 μg TX-004HR or placebo fo...

Management considerations Pretreatment evaluation Vasomotor symptoms Urogenital and Vaginal symptoms The role of local vaginal estrogen for treatment of vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women Progestogen indication Venous thromboembolism Stroke Diabetes mellitus Breast cancer Endometrial cancer Ovarian cancer Colorectal cancer Gallbladder disease Osteoporosis Dementia and cognitive decline Dep...

Vaginal estrogen cream has widely been used for vaginal atrophy in menopausal women. However, the effectiveness preventing bacterial vaginosis (BV) women with pessary is limited. The study aims to evaluate of uterine prolapse a pessary. A literature search was conducted on PubMed®, Scopus®, and google scholar® before May 2022 using MeSH. Two investigators searched, extracted, appraised evidence...

OBJECTIVE Microablative fractional CO2 laser has been proven to determine tissue remodeling with neoformation of collagen and elastic fibers on atrophic skin. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of microablative fractional CO2 laser on postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy using an ex vivo model. METHODS This is a prospective ex vivo cohort trial. Consecutive postmenopaus...

OBJECTIVE To compare vaginal anatomy and sexual function after the conventional posterior and anterior sacrospinous vault suspension. METHODS A retrospective repeated measures cohort study included all 168 consecutive sacrospinous vault suspension procedures between July 1990 and February 1997. The posterior suspension (n = 92) used a posterior vaginal incision and pararectal dissection. Ante...

Background: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) majorly caused by the physiological decline in estrogen, affects up to 90% menopausal women. Hormonal therapy seems be an effective treatment, often not executable for contraindication or patient’s low compliance local systemic medical therapy. Fractional CO2 laser is emerging and choice women affected vulvo-vaginal atrophy (VVA), promoting ...