This paper contributes to the literature of pro-poor growth measurement by introducing a growth-rate consistency axiom. The axiom states that if one growth pattern is judged to be more pro-poor than another growth pattern at a given growth rate, then the pro-poor ranking between the two growth patterns should remain the same at a higher growth rate. We show that summary pro-poor measures such a...

A recently proposed axiom system for André’s central translation structures is improved upon. First, one of its axioms turns out to be dependent (derivable from the other axioms). Without this axiom, the axiom system is indeed independent. Second, whereas most of the original independence models were infinite, finite independence models are available. Moreover, the independence proof for one of...

4 Axioms of ZFC 7 4.1 Axiom of extensionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.2 Axiom of the empty set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.3 Axiom of unordered pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.4 Axiom of union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.5 Axiom of infinity . . ...

In this paper, we present a hypergraph-based inference method for conditional independence. Our method allows us to obtain several interesting results on graph combination. In particular, our hypergraph approach allows us to strengthen one result obtained in a conventional graph-based approach. We also introduce a new inference axiom, called combination, of which the contraction axiom is a spec...

1 Three Axioms for a Determinant Function Let d be a scalar-valued function on the space Mn×n of all n×n matrices. Let A1, A2, . . . , An be the n rows of an n×n matrix A. We will denote the value d(A) of A under the function d as d(A) = d(A1, A2, . . . , An), indicating that d is a scalar-valued function of n n-dimensional row vectors A1, A2, . . . , An. The scalar-valued function d is called ...

‎Let ${X_{alpha}:alphainLambda}$ be a collection of topological spaces‎, ‎and $mathcal {G}_{alpha}$ be a grill on $X_{alpha}$ for each $alphainLambda$‎. ‎We consider Tychonoffrq{}s type Theorem for $X=prod_{alphainLambda}X_{alpha}$ via the above grills and a natural grill on $X$ ‎related to these grills, and present a simple proof to this theorem‎. ‎This immediately yields the classical theorem...

Basu and Van (1998) present a fundamental framework of child labor with two important axioms: the luxury axiom and the substitution axiom. A number of empirical studies, however, reveal a “wealth paradox”. The current paper has two aims. First, it develops a model that provides an explanation for “the wealth paradox” in light of the luxury axiom and the substitution axiom. Second, it helps unde...