In comparison between choice options, judgments of “How much better is a preferred option?” and “How much worse is a less preferred option?” may differ in their magnitudes. Such discrepancies are called “valence effects.” Previously, Yamagishi and Miyamoto (1996) observed systematic positive valence effects (“Better” exceeding “Worse”) in the domain of gains and systematic negative valence effe...

Music sometimes improves performance in sustained attention tasks. But the type of music employed in previous investigations has varied considerably, which can account for equivocal results. Progress has been hampered by lack of a systematic database of music varying in key characteristics like tempo and valence. The aims of this study were to establish a database of popular music varying along...

In order to understand how emotional state influences the listener's physiological response to speech, subjects looked at emotion-evoking pictures while 32-channel EEG evoked responses (ERPs) to an unchanging auditory stimulus ("danny") were collected. The pictures were selected from the International Affective Picture System database. They were rated by participants and differed in valence (po...

Arousal and valence are proposed to represent fundamental dimensions of emotion. The neural substrates for processing these aspects of stimuli are studied widely, with recent studies of chemosensory processing suggesting the amygdala processes intensity (a surrogate for arousal) rather than valence. However, these investigations have assumed that a valence effect in the amygdala is linear such ...

We discuss the model of valence grammars, a simple extension of context-free grammars. We show closure properties of context-free valence languages over arbitrary monoids. Chomsky and Greibach normal form theorems and an iteration lemma for context-free valence grammars over the groups Z are proved. The generative power of di4erent control monoids is investigated. In particular, we show that co...

We present a dynamical mean-field theory study of the valence transition (f;{14} --> f;{13}) in elemental, metallic Yb under pressure. Our calculations reproduce the observed valence transition as reflected in the volume dependence of the 4f occupation. The transition is advanced by heating, and suggests quasiparticle or Kondo-like structure in the spectra of the trivalent end state, consistent...

Cycloaddition reaction between C30 and hula-I, 3-diene was studied within the Snimework of AM I (RHF)level. The reaction involving the double bond between two hexagons and a hexagon and a pentagon, as wellas the cycloaddition products followed by disrotatory ogs s electrocyclic ring openings were considered.Thermodynamics parameters and stability energy and innsation state are evaluated in thre...

This article presents the evaluation of a valence dictionary for Polish produced with the help of shallow parsing techniques and compares those results to earlier results involving deep parsing. We show that the valence dictionary obtained with the use of shallow parsing attains higher quality when it is measured on the basis of a corpus of valence frames, while the dictionary produced with the...

Neuroimaging experiments have revealed that the visual cortex is involved in the processing of affective stimuli: seeing emotional pictures leads to greater activation than seeing neutral ones. It is unclear, however, whether such differential activation is due to stimulus valence or whether the results are confounded by arousal level. In order to investigate the contributions of valence and ar...

Recent research on risky decision-making in adults has shown that both the risk in potential outcomes and their valence (i.e., whether those outcomes involve gains or losses) exert dissociable influences on decisions. We hypothesised that the influences of these two crucial decision variables (risk and valence) on decision-making would vary developmentally during adolescence. We adapted a risk-...