The fourth industrial revolution is linked to the 21st century. Education 4.0 must be improved or established in order overcome revolution. main feature of integration technology and STEM program at school. Standard regular assessment evaluation can improve education, including student learning achievement. aim this study was develop valid reliable items for middle school students (MSS). resear...

A nominative signature scheme allows a nominator (or signer) and a nominee (or verifier) to jointly generate and publish a signature in such a way that only the nominee can verify the signature and if necessary, only the nominee can prove to a third party that the signature is valid. In a recent work, Huang and Wang proposed a new nominative signature scheme which, in addition to the above prop...

Park and Lee have proposed a digital nominative proxy signature scheme for mobile communication in [1]. They claimed that neither Origin signer nor Proxy agent can generate a valid signature solely. In this paper we show that Origin signer can generate a valid signature without the cooperation of the agent. In fact, the flaw comes from that Verifier dose not use the public key of Proxy agent in...