User models for email filtering should be developed from appropriate training and test sets. A k-fold cross-validation is commonly presented in the literature as a method of mixing old and new messages to produce these data sets. We show that this results in overly optimistic estimates of the email filter’s accuracy in classifying future messages because the test set has a higher probability of...

Although recent frameworks for test validation have emphasized utilization as a key component (e.g. Bachman & Palmer, 2010; Chapelle, 2012; Kane, 1992), what happens in the sometimes messy contexts where assessments are carried out is often not documented. This is perhaps because test developers are more focused on defining and operationalizing test constructs than on issues of implementation. ...

The widespread use of SOAs and their specific characteristics raise new challenges for V&V practices. This paper presents some of these challenges and introduces Runtime V&V as a possible future solution. Keywords-services; SOA; validation; verification;

some of the criteria for the evaluation and vetting of research articles, are the significance of the study, the need for researching the specified topic, and preparing an appropriate title. academic scholars and research authorities have research useful finding to improve research methods and have set certain standards for selecting topic and preparing appropriate titles for scholarly studies....

Education is strongly associated with better health and longer lives. However, the extent to which education causes health and longevity is widely debated. We develop a human capital framework to structure the interpretation of the empirical evidence. We then review evidence on the causal effects of education on mortality and its two most common preventable causes: smoking and obesity. We focus...

BACKGROUND Trials financed by for-profit organizations have been associated with favorable outcomes of new treatments, although the effect size of funding source impact on outcome is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the effect size for a favorable outcome in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), stratified by funding source, that have been published in general medical journals. M...

Tobacco and alcohol are among the most widely used and abused drugs in America, resulting in disastrous health consequences and a massive resource drain on society. Nicotine (the primary reinforcing component in tobacco) and alcohol are often used together, though there is limited research on exposure to both drugs at the same time. The present study attempted to fill this gap in knowledge by e...

To enable computer designers to better evaluate the architectural needs of operating systems, we have developed Monster , a tool which combines hardware and software monitoring techniques to unobtrusively obtain system performance data. This report is split into two major parts. In Part I, we argue the need for OS performance evaluation tools, summarize previous hardware and software based moni...

We sought to explore parental attitudes, behaviors, and barriers regarding school readiness in a county clinic serving low income, Latino children. Between December 2013-September 2014, we conducted a cross sectional survey of parents during 3-6 years well-child appointments about school readiness (SR) across: (1) attitudes/behaviors; (2) barriers; and (3) awareness; and (4) use of local resour...

BACKGROUND In an era when an increasing amount of clinical information is available to health care professionals, the effective implementation of clinical practice guidelines requires the development of strategies to facilitate the use of these guidelines. The objective of this study was to assess attitudes towards clinical practice guidelines, as well as the barriers and facilitators to their ...