Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of spray-dried blood meal and its pH on nursery pig performance. Spray-dried blood meal pH decreases as storage time increases prior to spray drying. In Exp. 1, addition of 2.5% spray-dried blood meal to the diet improved ADG and ADFI in nursery pigs (15.4 lb to 35.9 lb), but did not influence feed efficiency. In Exp. 2, the inclusion of 5% spr...

Spray combustion is encountered in many engineering applications, such as internal combustion engines and gas-turbine aircraft engines. In these systems, the concurrent processes of liquid atomization, droplet evaporation, turbulent dispersion, and combustion interact and strongly affect each other, which makes experimental measurement and high-fidelity simulation challenging. To understand the...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic behavior of florfenicol spray-dried nanosuspersion after oral administration to rabbits and to compare its oral bioavailability characteristics to that of a known soluble powder. Florfenicol spray-dried nanosuspersion was produced by high pressure homogenization followed by spray drying. Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC....

Whether spray or immersion fixation results in higher adequacy rates for thyroid fine-needle aspiration is not known. I compared 1-year adequacy rates, number of cells, and atypia rates for immersion fixation with split spray fixation and immersion. Adequacy rates increased from 71.9% (289/402) for complete immersion to 78.1% (332/425) with spray fixation of half of the slides (P = .02). The sp...

Spray drying is a commonly used method of drying a liquid feed through a hot gas. This study aims to obtain the empirical model of the spray drying process of full cream milk using a nozzle atomizer spray dryer, Lab-Plant SD 05 Laboratory Scale Spray Dryer. Inlet air temperature was chosen as the manipulated variable and outlet air temperature was the controlled variable. No disturbance was con...

Pesticides are widely used in agriculture for the management of pests (weeds, insects or pathogens). They are generally applied as a spray to cover the target (e.g. an insect, leaf surfaces or part of a plant) with pesticide-laden droplets. Spray may, however, be lost to nontarget areas within a crop through deposition on to the soil or on non-target plant surfaces. The plant architecture of th...

Tungsten oxide (WO₃) is prepared by a low-temperature ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method in air atmosphere, and it is used as an anode buffer layer (ABL) for organic solar cells (OSCs). The properties of the WO₃ transition metal oxide material as well as the mechanism of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processes are investigated. The results show that the ultrasonic spray pyrolysized WO₃ ABL exhibits...

In this study a new soluble solid curcumin nanoemulsion powder was prepared using spray-drying technology to improve the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin. The liquid nanoemulsion consisted of curcumin, Capryol 90, Transcutol P, and Cremophor RH40. The solid nanoemulsion was prepared by spray-drying the liquid nanoemulsion in laboratory spray dryer, using lactose as solid carrier. The ...

Hand-held spray guns and lances are the most widely used methods of crop protection in greenhouses despite the heavy workload and high risk of operator exposure associated with these techniques (Foqué 2012). These spray application techniques have also proved to be less effective than spray boom equipment under many conditions while the advantages of using vertical boom sprayers compared with u...

Background and study aims It is important to examine the pharynx during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pharyngeal anesthesia using topical lidocaine is generally used as pretreatment. In Japan, lidocaine viscous solution is the anesthetic of choice, but lidocaine spray is applied when the former is considered insufficient. However, the relationship between the extent of pharyngeal anesthesia...