Amphiphilic lipids and hydrophobic proteins are vaporized at atmospheric pressure using nonresonant 70 femtosecond (fs) laser pulses followed by electrospray post-ionization prior to being transferred into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass analysis. Measurements of molecules on metal and transparent dielectric surfaces indicate that vaporization occurs through a nonthermal mechanism. ...

The green light potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser photoselective vaporization of the prostate is the latest modality for treatment of benign prostatic obstruction. Because of effective superficial tissue coagulation, intravascular absorption of fluid is minimal; therefore, development of transurethral resection syndrome is unlikely. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient underg...

The heat of vaporization of a pure substance at its normal boiling temperature is a very important property in many chemical processes. In this work, a new empirical method was developed to predict vaporization enthalpy of pure substances. This equation is a function of normal boiling temperature, critical temperature, and critical pressure. The presented model is simple to use and provides an ...

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the dominant factor in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). However, Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) has attracted more attention in the treatment of BPH. Therefore, this article summarized the therapeutic effect of 80 W to 180 W green laser vaporization in the treatment of BPH. The results showed that the PVP ca...

The translating and rotating rod or disk of a conventional laser vaporization cluster source is replaced by a liquid metal target. The self-regenerating liquid surface prevents cavities from being bored into the sample by laser ablation. The laser beam strikes a near pristine surface with each pulse, resulting in signals with much better short and long term stabilities. While this approach cann...

The performance of a new pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS) is demonstrated for pure metal cluster ions and anions as well as mixed metal-rare-gas clusters. Pure metal clusters like W$ exhibit intensity distributions similar to those from laser vaporization sources. The ion current of the PACIS is comparable to that of a laser vaporization source. For metal-doped argon cluster ions, a single...

The desired reduction of fossil fuel consumption the aviation sector requires introduction alternative jet fuels from renewable sources. A major hurdle for their is cost-intensive assessment effects on combustion performance, which relies fuel-dependent processes such as atomization, vaporization and chemical reaction. present work describes results a newly designed experiment that provides acc...