In this article, we defend the thesis that geographical proximity remains essential for knowledge transfer, but not often implies the co-location of innovation and research activities. The need for geographical proximity now mostly affects certain stages of the process of production, research or development. Short or medium-term visits are often sufficient for the partners to exchange the infor...

History, geography, environment, and technology influence the cultural practices and institutions of a society and vice versa. But how strongly do geography, environment, and technology correlate with culture and institutions? To add insight into this question, we use a new methodology which explores the relationship between a variety of bilateral proximity measures developed using the societie...

The permutation based index has shown to be very effective in medium and high dimensional metric spaces, even in difficult problems such as solving reverse k-nearest neighbor queries. Nevertheless, currently there is no study about which are the desirable features one can ask to a permutant set, or how to select good permutants. Similar to the case of pivots, our experimental results show that,...

Lateral growth of shoot and root axes by the formation of secondary vascular tissues is an instructive example for the plasticity of plant growth processes. Being purely postembryonic, lateral growth strongly depends on environmental input and is tightly regulated by long- and short-distance signaling. In general, plant vasculature represents the main route for long-distance transport of compou...

Functional MRI (fMRI) can detect blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) hemodynamic responses secondary to local neuronal activity. The most commonly used method for detecting fMRI signals is the gradient-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) technique because of its sensitivity and speed. However, it is known that much of the signal obtained with this approach arises from large veins, with addition...

The permutation based algorithm has been proved unbeatable in high dimensional spaces, requiring O(|P|) distance evaluations when solving similarity queries (where P is the set of permutants); but needs n evaluations of the permutant distance to compute the order to review the metric dataset, requires O(n|P|) space, and does not take much benefit from low dimensionality. There have been several...

So far, methods for ellipsis and anaphor resolution have been developed and the effects of anaphor resolution have been analyzed in the context of statistical information retrieval (IR) of scientific abstracts. No significant improvement has been observed. In this study, the effects of ellipsis and anaphor resolution on proximity searching in a full text database are analyzed. Anaphora and elli...

We integrate insights from the social embeddedness perspective with research on immigrant entrepreneurship to theorize on how family resources influence exit from entrepreneurship among previously unemployed immigrant entrepreneurs. Results from a cohort study of immigrant entrepreneurs in Sweden reveal that family resources are important for immigrants to integrate economically into a country....