Introduction: The family of each hearing-impaired child has its own cultural, social, educational, and financial background, and its own special needs. The objectives of our study were to explore the information and support needs of parents of children with severe-to-profound hearing impairment and to investigate the effects of the parents’ level of education and economic status on the score at...

The consequences of inadequate thyroid hormone availability to the brain and treatment effects of levothyroxine on cognitive function are still poorly understood. This study prospectively assessed the effects of thyroid replacement therapy on cognitive function in patients suffering from biochemical evidenced, untreated hypothyroidism. Significant effects between the untreated hypothyroid group...

It is controversial whether long-term anticholinergic therapy (AC-T) can cause short-term memory disturbance, long-term memory disturbance or intelligence impairment. Ninety patients with Parkinson's disease were examined prospectively to clarify the existence of memory and intelligence impairment induced by long-term AC-T. Neuropsychological tests detected eight patients with at least one of f...

The present study examined the possible function of inappropriate verbal behavior of an adult man who had been diagnosed with both mental retardation and psychosis. Results of a functional analysis indicated that inappropriate verbal utterances were maintained by attention. An intervention consisting of the differential reinforcement of appropriate verbal behavior effectively reduced the inappr...

A beneficial effect of gesture on learning has been demonstrated in multiple domains, including mathematics, science, and foreign language vocabulary. However, because gesture is known to co-vary with other non-verbal behaviors, including eye gaze and prosody along with face, lip, and body movements, it is possible the beneficial effect of gesture is instead attributable to these other behavior...

BACKGROUND The paper “Why do people change in therapy? A preliminary study" (2006), published in this journal, led to the beginning of a line of research based on observational methodology and aimed at the clarification of the therapeutic process. Throughout these years, significant progress has been made towards an explanation of clinical change. In this paper, a synthesis of this line of rese...

self-disclosure, as communication of information about one's affects, behaviors, and cognitions, has been emphasized as one of the central issues of the psychotherapeutic process. verbal and nonverbal aspects of disclosure are important factors of psychotherapeutic communication, both for therapist and patient. this paper presents an account of the development and reliability of an observationa...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of verbal encouragement on the peak force of the elbow flexors during an isometric muscle action. METHODS A crossover design whereby 20 subjects were divided into 10 2 x 2 Latin squares was undertaken. Peak forces were measured on a Kin-Com dynamometer, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was also recorded from the biceps brachii. All subjects completed trial...

The downside of communication: Complaining cycles in group discussions. In S. Schuman (Ed.), The handbook for working with difficult groups: How they are difficult, why they are difficult, what you can do (pp. 33-54). " It is my belief we developed language because of our deep inner need to complain. "-Lily Tomlin Recent research has shown that group mood affects group members' behavior and imp...