In this article, we report on the simulation and realization of a magnetic circuit allowing to apply an axial magnetic field higher than 1 Tesla. The proposed electromagnet is used to investigate the influence of a magnetic field on the polarization behavior of a vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). A nonlinear polarization behavior can be experimentally observed for currents as low ...

This chapter aims at highlighting the influence of the electrical access of different kinds of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) (Rissons & Mollier, 2009). By presenting an overview of electrical equivalent circuit modeling and characterization for the VCSEL chip, based on the Scattering parameters, an overview of the VCSEL performance is given in order to provide a good knowledge ...

A novel two-dimensional vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) based wavelength converter is proposed. We developed a twodimensional transmission line laser model (TLLM) to analyze the proposed wavelength converter. This model takes into account Bragg reflectors by using the modified connecting matrix. Therefore, accurate and efficient modeling of the VCSEL structure is achieved. Extinc...

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 894.6 nm wavelength have been fabricated for Cs-based atomic clock applications. For polarization control, a previously developed technique relying on the integration of a semiconducting surface grating in the top Bragg mirror of the VCSEL structure is employed. More specifically, we use a socalled inverted grating. The VCSELs are pol...

Experimental validation of a distortion removal technique for multi-chip free-space optical shuffle interconnections is presented. The free-space fabric links dense two-dimensional arrays of vertical cavity surface emitting laser(s) (VCSEL)(s) and detectors and must achieve full field registration on the order of 10 microns across the entire array. The new hybrid micro-macro optical concept rea...

The possibility of using vertical-emitting lasers with intracavity contacts (IC-VCSEL) and a rhomboidal oxide current aperture for creating non-zero magnetic field optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPM) 133 Cs vapor cell magnetoencephalographic (MEG) systems were demonstrated. Relative intensity noise (RIN) polarization resolved RIN the IC-VCSEL in 895 nm range different mirror losses (lin...

Carrier diffusion and spatial hole burning can have a severe impact on vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) performance. In particular, these phenomena can produce secondary pulses, bumps, and optical tails in the VCSEL turn-off transient which limit both the system bit rate and the bit error rate (BER). To study these effects, laser rate equation models that include both spatial and ...

We have investigated the temperature and pressure dependence of the threshold current ( th) of 1.3 m emitting GaInNAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and the equivalent edge-emitting laser (EEL) devices employing the same active region. Our measurements show that the VCSEL devices have the peak of the gain spectrum on the high-energy side of the cavity mode energy and hence ope...

The emission characteristics of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operated in a single-transverse mode and coupled to an external cavity with a diffraction grating as a frequency-selective element are analyzed experimentally, numerically and analytically. The experiments yield a rather abrupt turn-on of the VCSEL to a high-amplitude emission state and hysteresis phenomena. The ex...

Sustained, large amplitude and tunable birefringence-induced oscillations are obtained in a spin-vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (spin-VCSEL). Experimental evidence is provided using a spin-VCSEL operating at 1300 nm, under continuous-wave optical pumping and at room temperature. Numerical and stability analyses are performed to interpret the experiments and to identify the combined effe...