Stratified hydrostatic fluids have linear internal gravity waves with different phase speeds and vertical profiles. Here a simplified set of partial differential equations (PDE) is derived to represent the nonlinear dynamics of waves with different vertical profiles. The equations are derived by projecting the full nonlinear equations onto the vertical modes of two gravity waves, and the result...

Wind-driven and distant shipping noise sources contribute to the total noise field in the deep ocean direct-arrival zones. Wind-driven and distant shipping noise sources may significantly and simultaneously affect the spatial characteristics of the total noise field to some extent. In this work, a ray approach and parabolic equation solution method were jointly utilized to model the low-frequen...

Simultaneous observations of gravity waves using an Na wind/temperature lidar and a multi-wavelength all-sky nightglow imager were obtained, for the first time, during the ALOHA-93 campaign. A novel investigation of intrinsic wave parameters has been made by combining measurements of the horizontal wave components imaged in four nightglow emissions (height range ~80-100 kin) with Na lidar sound...

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A robust method to estimate vertical crustal motions by combining geocentric sea level measurements from decadal (1992 2003) TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimetry and long-term (> 40 years) relative sea level records from tide gauges using a novel Gauss-Markov stochastic adjustment model is presented. These results represent an improvement over a prior study (Kuo et al. 2004) in Fennoscandia, wher...

A seasonally dependent total neutral wind model obtained from experimental data is used to evaluate the diurnal variation of the vertical ion velocity in the E-region at a high-latitude location (Tromsø), for each season, in the presence of an electric field with a typical diurnal variation for quiet auroral days. The diurnal variation and spatial locations of the vertical convergence of ions a...

Near-fault ground motions have caused very much damage in the vicinity of seismic sources during recent earthquakes. It is well known that under specific circumstances, intensive ground shakings near fault ruptures may be characterized by short-duration impulsive motions. This pulse-type motion is generally particular to the forward direction, where the fault rupture propagates towards the site...