Changes in orientation in a gravitational field markedly alter the patterns of blood pressure and flow in animals, especially tall or long ones such as giraffes or snakes. Vertical orientation tends to reduce blood flow and pressure in the head for two major reasons. First, the increased vertical blood column above the heart creates a gravitational hydrostatic pressure against which the heart m...

Use of an airborne platform todetermine the dynamics of atmosphericmotion has been ongoing for over three decades. Much of the effort has been centered on the determination of the horizontal pressure gradient force along an isobaric surface, and with wind measurements the nongeostrophic components of motion can be obtained. Recent advances using differential GPS-based altitude measurements allo...

Stellar atmosphere models of ionized accretion disks have generally neglected the contribution of magnetic fields to the vertical hydrostatic support, although magnetic fields are widely believed to play a critical role in the transport of angular momentum. Simulations of magnetorotational turbulence in a vertically stratified shearing box geometry show that magnetic pressure support can be dom...

the first step in studying dust events is the estimation of dust emission from sources. in this study, the simulations of the vertical dust flux (vdf) over iran by the mba (marticorena, bergametti, and alfaro) and shao schemes are compared. the mba scheme is energy-based and derived on the basis of energy balance between the kinetic energy of saltating particles and binding energy of the surfac...